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MySQL Cheat Sheet

Help with SQL commands to interact with a MySQL database

Add mysql to your PATH

# Current Session
export PATH=${PATH}:/usr/local/mysql/bin
# Permanently
echo 'export PATH="/usr/local/mysql/bin:$PATH"' >> ~/.bash_profile

On Windows - https://www.qualitestgroup.com/resources/knowledge-center/how-to-guide/add-mysql-path-windows/

Login

mysql -u root -p

Show Users

SELECT User, Host FROM mysql.user;

Create User

CREATE USER 'someuser'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'somepassword';

Grant All Priveleges On All Databases

GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON * . * TO 'someuser'@'localhost';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Show Grants

SHOW GRANTS FOR 'someuser'@'localhost';

Remove Grants

REVOKE ALL PRIVILEGES, GRANT OPTION FROM 'someuser'@'localhost';

Delete User

DROP USER 'someuser'@'localhost';

Exit

exit;

Show Databases

SHOW DATABASES

Create Database

CREATE DATABASE acme;

Delete Database

DROP DATABASE acme;

Select Database

USE acme;

Create Table

CREATE TABLE users(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
   first_name VARCHAR(100),
   last_name VARCHAR(100),
   email VARCHAR(50),
   password VARCHAR(20),
   location VARCHAR(100),
   dept VARCHAR(100),
   is_admin TINYINT(1),
   register_date DATETIME,
   PRIMARY KEY(id)
);

Delete / Drop Table

DROP TABLE tablename;

Show Tables

SHOW TABLES;

Insert Row / Record

INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, email, password, location, dept, is_admin, register_date) values ('Rahul', 'Shetty', '[email protected]', '123456','Mumbai', 'development', 1, now());

Insert Multiple Rows

INSERT INTO users (first_name, last_name, email, password, location, dept,  is_admin, register_date) values ('John', 'Doe', '[email protected]', '123456', 'New York', 'design', 0, now()), ('Joe', 'Don', '[email protected]', '123456', 'New York', 'design', 0, now()),('Will', 'Jackson', '[email protected]', '123456', 'Rhode Island', 'development', 1, now()),('Paula', 'Johnson', '[email protected]', '123456', 'Massachusetts', 'sales', 0, now()),('Tom', 'Spears', '[email protected]', '123456', 'Massachusetts', 'sales', 0, now());

Select

SELECT * FROM users;
SELECT first_name, last_name FROM users;

Where Clause

SELECT * FROM users WHERE location='Massachusetts';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE location='Massachusetts' AND dept='sales';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE is_admin = 1;
SELECT * FROM users WHERE is_admin > 0;

Delete Row

DELETE FROM users WHERE id = 6;

Update Row

UPDATE users SET email = '[email protected]' WHERE id = 2;

Add New Column

ALTER TABLE users ADD age VARCHAR(3);

Modify Column

ALTER TABLE users MODIFY COLUMN age INT(3);

Order By (Sort)

SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY last_name ASC;
SELECT * FROM users ORDER BY last_name DESC;

Concatenate Columns

SELECT CONCAT(first_name, ' ', last_name) AS 'Name', dept FROM users;

Select Distinct Rows

SELECT DISTINCT location FROM users;

Between (Select Range)

SELECT * FROM users WHERE age BETWEEN 20 AND 25;

Like (Searching)

SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE 'd%';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE 'dev%';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE '%t';
SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept LIKE '%e%';

Not Like

SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept NOT LIKE 'd%';

IN

SELECT * FROM users WHERE dept IN ('design', 'sales');

We can use WHERE dept='design' AND dept='sales' but imagine if there are a lot of departments.

Create & Remove Index

Whenever we want a faster query result, we need to index the column. For example, if we know location is something quite frequently searched by users, then we can index it. LIndex is a name provided to the index. It means Location Index.

CREATE INDEX LIndex On users(location);
DROP INDEX LIndex ON users;

New Table With Foreign Key (Posts)

Default is used to provide a default value. In our case, it's the current time.

CREATE TABLE posts(
id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
   user_id INT,
   title VARCHAR(100),
   body TEXT,
   publish_date DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
   PRIMARY KEY(id),
   FOREIGN KEY (user_id) REFERENCES users(id)
);

Add Data to Posts Table

INSERT INTO posts(user_id, title, body) VALUES (1, 'Post One', 'This is post one'),(3, 'Post Two', 'This is post two'),(1, 'Post Three', 'This is post three'),(2, 'Post Four', 'This is post four'),(5, 'Post Five', 'This is post five'),(4, 'Post Six', 'This is post six'),(2, 'Post Seven', 'This is post seven'),(1, 'Post Eight', 'This is post eight'),(3, 'Post Nine', 'This is post none'),(4, 'Post Ten', 'This is post ten');

JOINS

INNER JOIN gets all records that are common between both tables based on the supplied ON clause.

LEFT JOIN gets all records from the LEFT linked and the related record from the right table ,but if you have selected some columns from the RIGHT table, if there is no related records, these columns will contain NULL.

RIGHT JOIN is like the above but gets all records in the RIGHT table.

FULL JOIN gets all records from both tables and puts NULL in the columns where related records do not exist in the opposite table.

INNER JOIN

SELECT
  users.first_name,
  users.last_name,
  posts.title,
  posts.publish_date
FROM users
INNER JOIN posts
ON users.id = posts.user_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

New Table With 2 Foriegn Keys

CREATE TABLE comments(
	id INT AUTO_INCREMENT,
    post_id INT,
    user_id INT,
    body TEXT,
    publish_date DATETIME DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
    PRIMARY KEY(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(user_id) references users(id),
    FOREIGN KEY(post_id) references posts(id)
);

Add Data to Comments Table

INSERT INTO comments(post_id, user_id, body) VALUES (1, 3, 'This is comment one'),(2, 1, 'This is comment two'),(5, 3, 'This is comment three'),(2, 4, 'This is comment four'),(1, 2, 'This is comment five'),(3, 1, 'This is comment six'),(3, 2, 'This is comment six'),(5, 4, 'This is comment seven'),(2, 3, 'This is comment seven');

Left Join

This will fetch you call the comments with it's respective post titles. Notice that if you change the join to right, it'll fetch you all the posts even if it doesn't have the comment.

SELECT
comments.body,
posts.title
FROM comments
LEFT JOIN posts ON posts.id = comments.post_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

Join Multiple Tables

SELECT
comments.body,
posts.title,
users.first_name,
users.last_name
FROM comments
INNER JOIN posts on posts.id = comments.post_id
INNER JOIN users on users.id = comments.user_id
ORDER BY posts.title;

Aggregate Functions

SELECT COUNT(id) FROM users;
SELECT MAX(age) FROM users;
SELECT MIN(age) FROM users;
SELECT SUM(age) FROM users;
SELECT UCASE(first_name), LCASE(last_name) FROM users;

Group By

SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users GROUP BY age;
SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users WHERE age > 20 GROUP BY age;
SELECT age, COUNT(age) FROM users GROUP BY age HAVING count(age) >=2;

Node.js connection

const express = require('express');
const mysql = require('mysql');

const app = express();

const db = mysql.createConnection({
  host: 'localhost',
  user: 'root'
  password: '<password>',
  database: 'test_database'
});

db.connect();

app.get('/users', (req, res) => {
  const sql = 'SELECT * FROM users';
  
  db.query(sql, (err, result) => {
    if(err) return err;
    
    return res.send(result);
  });
});

app.listen(4000, () => console.log('Server is running at port 4000'));

Sequelize

Use ORM rather than directly handling the queries by yourself: https://sequelize.org/