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Git Strategy

Note that this document goes into detail on the Git strategy and branching model for the official OWP repository. It is here for openness and transparency, but most contributors and users will not need to be concerned with this level of detail. For information geared toward day-to-day development contributions and Git, see the CONTRIBUTING doc.

Branching Model

  • This repo uses a branching model based on Gitflow that has two primary long-term branches:
    • master: the main development and integration branch containing the latest completed development work intended for the next released version
    • production: the branch representing the latest code verified as production-ready and pointing to the most recently release, official version
  • Rebasing is used to integrate changes across branches, rather than merge commits
    • This allows the repo to maintain a more robust and complete history
  • Most interaction with the official OWP repo is done via pull requests (PRs) to the master branch
    • Independent branches for features or bug fixes are created off master to contain development work that is in progress
    • Once work in a feature/fix branch is complete (or at least thought complete), it is used to create a PR
    • PRs and their linked branches are reviewed and, once approved, have their changes integrated back into master
    • Typically feature/fix branches exist in personal clones and personal Github forks, but not in the official OWP repo
  • Release branches (e.g., release-X for pending version X) will be created whenever it is time to officially release a new version
    • These effectively are release candidates, with branches created from master
    • The release branches are managed by the core OWP contributors team
    • They do exist in the official OWP repo
    • But they are short-lived and removed once the release becomes official
    • See the Release Management doc for more details on the release process

Feature Branches from master

This illustrates the relationship between feature branches and master. They should be created from master and independently contain commits from their feature. Once done, the changes will be reintegrated back into master via rebasing.

    %%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'base', 'gitGraph': { 'showBranches': true, 'showCommitLabel':true, 'mainBranchName': 'master'}}}%%
    gitGraph
        commit id:"feature1.1"
        commit id:"feature1.2"
        branch feature-2
        branch feature-3
        checkout feature-2
        commit id:"feature2.1"
        commit id:"feature2.2"
        checkout master
        merge feature-2
        checkout feature-3
        commit id:"feature3.1"
        commit id:"feature3.2"
        commit id:"feature3.3"
        checkout master
        merge feature-3
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The resulting state of master after rebasing the two new feature branches would be:

    %%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'base', 'gitGraph': { 'showBranches': true, 'showCommitLabel':true, 'mainBranchName': 'master'}}}%%
    gitGraph
        commit id:"feature1.1"
        commit id:"feature1.2"
        commit id:"feature2.1"
        commit id:"feature2.2"
        commit id:"feature3.1"
        commit id:"feature3.2"
        commit id:"feature3.3"
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Relating production, master, and Release Branches

This illustrates the relationship between production, master, and release-v2. Notice that production has already been tagged with version v1 at the start. Commits for feature1 and feature2 at some point are integrated into master. When it is time to prepare to release version v2, release-v2 is created. A few bug fix commits were needed in release-v2. After that, all the changes in release-v2 are integrated into production, and production is tagged v2. All the changes are also integrated back into master.

    %%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'base', 'gitGraph': { 'showBranches': true, 'showCommitLabel':true, 'mainBranchName': 'master'}}}%%
    gitGraph
        commit id:"v1-commit"
        branch production
        checkout production
        commit id:"v1-commit" tag: "v1"
        checkout master
        commit id:"feature1.1"
        commit id:"feature1.2"
        commit id:"feature2.1"
        commit id:"feature2.2"
        commit id:"feature2.3"
        branch release-v2
        checkout release-v2
        commit id:"fix2.1"
        commit id:"fix2.2"
        checkout production
        merge release-v2 tag:"v2"
        checkout master
        merge release-v2
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The resulting state of production is:

    %%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'base', 'gitGraph': { 'showBranches': true, 'showCommitLabel':true, 'mainBranchName': 'production'}}}%%
    gitGraph
        commit id:"v1-commit" tag:"v1"
        commit id:"feature1.1"
        commit id:"feature1.2"
        commit id:"feature2.1"
        commit id:"feature2.2"
        commit id:"feature2.3"
        commit id:"fix2.1"
        commit id:"fix2.2" tag:"v2"
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The resulting state of master is essentially the same:

    %%{init: { 'logLevel': 'debug', 'theme': 'base', 'gitGraph': { 'showBranches': true, 'showCommitLabel':true, 'mainBranchName': 'master'}}}%%
    gitGraph
        commit id:"v1-commit"
        commit id:"feature1.1"
        commit id:"feature1.2"
        commit id:"feature2.1"
        commit id:"feature2.2"
        commit id:"feature2.3"
        commit id:"fix2.1"
        commit id:"fix2.2"
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Contributing

More details on the practical processes and requirements for contributing code changes can be found in the CONTRIBUTING doc. In summary:

  • Github Pull Requests (PRs) are required to incorporate changes into the official OWP repo
    • Contributors should generally not be pushing changes directly to branches in the OWP repo
  • PRs should be submitted using a feature/fix branch contained in a personal Github fork
  • Rebasing is used, rather than merge commits, to integrate changes across branches and keep branches from different repos in sync
  • PRs should be configured to pull changes into the master branch
  • Feature/fix branches should be created from master
  • Personal forks and local clone(s) should be kept up to date with the official OWP repo regularly to minimize the introduction of merge conflict in PRs

Optional: Setting Up Hook Scripts

Git supports the capability to automatically run various scripts when certain events happen. These are referred to as Git hooks. See Git's documentation for full details on what can be done with hooks and how they are configured.

Use of client-side hooks is optional but can be very useful for things like automating some kind of quality check before committing a change. However, client-side hooks are not copied as part of cloning a repository. They must be set up locally for each clone. This can be done manually or using available helper tools: e.g., pre-commit. Once again, see Git's docs for available options and setup details.