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Security

What is the Mempool?

https://medium.com/dragonfly-research/we-live-in-a-mempool-backrunning-the-mev-crisis-a4ea0b493b05

What are Mempool attacks?

https://cs.ucf.edu/~mohaisen/doc/icbc19a.pdf

What is a Reentrant Microtrading Attack?

https://github.com/openzeppelin/exploit-uniswap

What is Function Clashing?

https://github.com/tinchoabbate/function-clashing-poc

How can wallets be back-doored?

https://blog.openzeppelin.com/backdooring-gnosis-safe-multisig-wallets/

What is a sybil attack?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/sybil-attacks-explained

What is a dusting attack?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-a-dusting-attack

Eclipse attack -

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-an-eclipse-attack

An eclipse attack is an attack where interaction with a previously trusted resource becomes controlled by an attacker (ie. BGP reroute, block manip, etc...)

What is Byzantine Fault Tolerance?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/byzantine-fault-tolerance-explained

What are common scams on Mobile Devices?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/common-scams-on-mobile-devices

What is a Threshold Signature?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/threshold-signatures-explained

What is segregated witness?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/a-beginners-guide-to-segretated-witness-segwit

What is a multi-sig wallet?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-a-multisig-wallet

zk-snarks and zk-starks

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/zk-snarks-and-zk-starks-explained

What is Selfish Mining?

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/selfish-mining-explained

Schnorr Signatures -

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-do-schnorr-signatures-mean-for-bitcoin

Blockchain Scalability - Sidechains & Payment Channels

https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/blockchain-scalability-sidechains-and-payment-channels

Coin Tech

What is Tether (USDT) - https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-tether-usdt

What is Coin Burn? https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-a-coin-burn

What is a layer 2? https://academy.binance.com/en/glossary/layer-2

What is the lightning network? - https://academy.binance.com/en/articles/what-is-lightning-network

What is a Merkle Tree?

  • Merkle Trees and Roots Explained
  • Merkle tree is created by dividing data into many pieces, which are hashed repeatedly to form the merkle root.
  • This allowas us to efficiently verify if something has gone wrong with a piece of data.

How does this relate to crypto?

  • When you start mining, you line up all the transactions you want ot include and construct a merkle tree.
  • You put the resulting root hash (32 bytes) in the block header. This makes it so you only need to hash the block header rather than the entire block
  • This works because it's tamper-proof. You effectiveyl summarize all of the block's transactions in a compact format

Verification

  • Nodes running on devices with limited resources don't want to download and hash all of a block's transactions
  • What they do is simply request a "Merkle proof" - evidence provided by the full node that proves that your transaction is in a particular block.
  • This is referred to as SPV (Simplified Payment Verification) What is a light client?
  • A light client is a node that doesn't hold a full copy of the block-chain