diff --git a/.github/workflows/ci.yml b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
index 5ea8a44ef..73d30203e 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/ci.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/ci.yml
@@ -147,7 +147,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        label: [""]
+        label: ["wasmer_full"]
         os: [ubuntu-22.04]
         cc: [gcc-12]
         ngx: [1.25.3]
@@ -158,6 +158,7 @@ jobs:
         v8: [""]
         hup: [no_hup, hup]
         debug: [debug]
+        path: [""]
         include:
           # Wasmtime
           - runtime: wasmtime
@@ -167,6 +168,7 @@ jobs:
             ngx: 1.25.3
             hup: no_hup
             debug: debug
+            path: t/01-wasm
           # V8
           - runtime: v8
             v8: 11.4.183.23
@@ -175,16 +177,38 @@ jobs:
             ngx: 1.25.3
             debug: debug
             hup: no_hup
+            path: t/01-wasm
           # OpenResty
           - label: openresty
+            runtime: wasmer
+            wasmer: 3.1.1
             os: ubuntu-22.04
             cc: gcc-12
             openresty: 1.21.4.2
             ngx:
+            debug: debug
+            hup: no_hup
+            path: t/04-openresty
+          # Wasmtime hfuncs
+          - label: wasmtime_hfuncs
+            runtime: wasmtime
+            wasmtime: 14.0.3
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            cc: gcc-12
+            ngx: 1.25.3
+            hup: no_hup
+            debug: debug
+            path: t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs
+          # Wasmer hfuncs
+          - label: wasmer_hfuncs
             runtime: wasmer
             wasmer: 3.1.1
-            debug: debug
+            os: ubuntu-22.04
+            cc: gcc-12
+            ngx: 1.25.3
             hup: no_hup
+            debug: debug
+            path: t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs
     uses: ./.github/workflows/job-valgrind-tests.yml
     with:
       os: ${{ matrix.os }}
@@ -197,6 +221,7 @@ jobs:
       v8: ${{ matrix.v8 }}
       hup: ${{ matrix.hup }}
       debug: ${{ matrix.debug }}
+      path: ${{ matrix.path }}
     secrets: inherit
 
   lint:
diff --git a/.github/workflows/job-valgrind-tests.yml b/.github/workflows/job-valgrind-tests.yml
index 759ba350d..bc4e5a417 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/job-valgrind-tests.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/job-valgrind-tests.yml
@@ -33,6 +33,9 @@ on:
       hup:
         required: true
         type: string
+      path:
+        required: false
+        type: string
 
 defaults:
   run:
@@ -46,8 +49,9 @@ env:
   NGX_BUILD_CC_OPT: '-O2'
   NGX_BUILD_NOPOOL: 1
   TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND: 1
+  TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND_ALL: ${{ inputs.path == '' && 0 || 1 }}
   TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP: ${{ inputs.hup == 'hup' && 1 || 0 }}
-  TEST_NGINX_RANDOMIZE: 1
+  TEST_NGINX_RANDOMIZE: 0
   TEST_NGINX_NO_CLEAN: 1
   TEST_NGINX_TIMEOUT: 120
   TEST_NGINX_EXTERNAL_TIMEOUT: 120s
@@ -101,7 +105,10 @@ jobs:
           ghcr_password: ${{ secrets.TOKEN_GITHUB }}
       - run: make setup
       - run: make
-      - run: make test 2>&1 | tee valgrind.out
+      - name: Run tests
+        run: |
+           IN_PATH="${{ inputs.path }}"
+           ./util/test.sh ${IN_PATH:-t/} 2>&1 | tee valgrind.out
       - run: |
           awk -f ./util/parse-valgrind.awk valgrind.out > valgrind.log
           if [[ -s valgrind.log ]]; then
diff --git a/Cargo.lock b/Cargo.lock
index c2077db5b..3c66063c6 100644
--- a/Cargo.lock
+++ b/Cargo.lock
@@ -168,6 +168,14 @@ version = "0.3.0"
 source = "registry+https://github.com/rust-lang/crates.io-index"
 checksum = "f7144d30dcf0fafbce74250a3963025d8d52177934239851c917d29f1df280c2"
 
+[[package]]
+name = "context-checks"
+version = "0.1.0"
+dependencies = [
+ "log",
+ "proxy-wasm 0.2.1",
+]
+
 [[package]]
 name = "core-foundation-sys"
 version = "0.8.4"
diff --git a/Cargo.toml b/Cargo.toml
index 0aa52f776..e005eb0ec 100644
--- a/Cargo.toml
+++ b/Cargo.toml
@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@ members = [
     "t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/rust-sdk-ver-zero-one",
     "t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/benchmarks",
     "t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/instance-lifecycle",
+    "t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks",
 ]
 exclude = [
     "lib/ngx-wasm-rs",
diff --git a/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm.c b/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm.c
index f3c1d9e81..287091f98 100644
--- a/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm.c
+++ b/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm.c
@@ -501,6 +501,7 @@ action2rc(ngx_proxy_wasm_ctx_t *pwctx,
         case NGX_HTTP_REWRITE_PHASE:
         case NGX_HTTP_ACCESS_PHASE:
         case NGX_HTTP_CONTENT_PHASE:
+        case NGX_WASM_BACKGROUND_PHASE:
             ngx_log_debug6(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_WASM, pwctx->log, 0,
                            "proxy_wasm pausing in \"%V\" phase "
                            "(filter: %l/%l, step: %d, action: %d, "
@@ -683,6 +684,7 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_run_step(ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t *pwexec,
     ngx_int_t                 rc;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_err_e      ecode;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_action_e   action = NGX_PROXY_WASM_ACTION_CONTINUE;
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t    *out;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_ctx_t     *pwctx = pwexec->parent;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_filter_t  *filter = pwexec->filter;
 #if (NGX_DEBUG)
@@ -700,10 +702,12 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_run_step(ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t *pwexec,
     if (pwexec->ictx == NULL || pwexec->ictx->instance->trapped) {
 #endif
         ecode = ngx_proxy_wasm_create_context(filter, pwctx, pwexec->id,
-                                              pwexec, NULL);
+                                              pwexec, &out);
         if (ecode != NGX_PROXY_WASM_ERR_NONE) {
             return ecode;
         }
+
+        pwexec = out;
 #if 1
     }
 #endif
@@ -842,6 +846,9 @@ get_instance(ngx_proxy_wasm_filter_t *filter,
 
     dd("get instance in store: %p", store);
 
+    /* store initialized */
+    ngx_wasm_assert(store->pool);
+
     for (q = ngx_queue_head(&store->busy);
          q != ngx_queue_sentinel(&store->busy);
          q = ngx_queue_next(q))
@@ -988,9 +995,6 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_create_context(ngx_proxy_wasm_filter_t *filter,
         ictx = in->ictx;
 
     } else {
-        /* store initialized */
-        ngx_wasm_assert(store->pool);
-
         ictx = get_instance(filter, store, log);
         if (ictx == NULL) {
             goto error;
@@ -1187,10 +1191,15 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_create_context(ngx_proxy_wasm_filter_t *filter,
 
             pwexec->started = 1;
         }
-    }
 
-    if (out) {
-        *out = pwexec;
+        if (out) {
+            *out = pwexec;
+        }
+
+    } else {
+        if (out) {
+            *out = rexec;
+        }
     }
 
     return NGX_PROXY_WASM_ERR_NONE;
@@ -1245,19 +1254,9 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_on_done(ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t *pwexec)
                              pwexec->index + 1, pwexec->parent->nfilters);
 
 #if 0
-    /**
-     * Currently, dispatches are synchronous hence will always
-     * have been executed when on_done is invoked.
-     */
 #ifdef NGX_WASM_HTTP
     call = pwexec->call;
     if (call) {
-        ngx_log_debug3(NGX_LOG_DEBUG_WASM, pwexec->log, 0,
-                       "proxy_wasm \"%V\" filter (%l/%l) "
-                       "cancelling HTTP dispatch",
-                       pwexec->filter->name, pwexec->index + 1,
-                       pwexec->parent->nfilters);
-
         ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_destroy(call);
 
         pwexec->call = NULL;
diff --git a/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm_host.c b/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm_host.c
index a5be0a1a3..cefc27346 100644
--- a/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm_host.c
+++ b/src/common/proxy_wasm/ngx_proxy_wasm_host.c
@@ -26,21 +26,42 @@ static ngx_int_t ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_no_http(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
 
 static ngx_chain_t *
 ngx_proxy_wasm_get_buffer_helper(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
-    ngx_proxy_wasm_buffer_type_e buf_type, unsigned *none)
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_buffer_type_e buf_type, unsigned *none, char **trapmsg)
 {
 #ifdef NGX_WASM_HTTP
     ngx_chain_t              *cl;
     ngx_http_wasm_req_ctx_t  *rctx;
     ngx_http_request_t       *r;
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_ctx_t     *pwctx;
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t    *pwexec;
 
-    rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
-    r = rctx->r;
+    pwexec = ngx_proxy_wasm_instance2pwexec(instance);
+    pwctx = pwexec->parent;
 #endif
 
     switch (buf_type) {
 
 #ifdef NGX_WASM_HTTP
     case NGX_PROXY_WASM_BUFFER_HTTP_REQUEST_BODY:
+
+        /* check context */
+
+        switch (pwctx->step) {
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_HEADERS:
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_BODY:
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_LOG:
+            break;
+        default:
+            *trapmsg = "can only get request body during "
+                       "\"on_request_body\", \"on_log\"";
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* get */
+
+        rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
+        r = rctx->r;
+
         if (r->request_body == NULL
             || r->request_body->bufs == NULL)
         {
@@ -61,6 +82,23 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_get_buffer_helper(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
         return r->request_body->bufs;
 
     case NGX_PROXY_WASM_BUFFER_HTTP_RESPONSE_BODY:
+
+        /* check context */
+
+        switch (pwctx->step) {
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_RESP_BODY:
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_LOG:
+            break;
+        default:
+            *trapmsg = "can only get response body during "
+                       "\"on_response_body\", \"on_log\"";
+            return NULL;
+        }
+
+        /* get */
+
+        rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
+
         cl = rctx->resp_chunk;
         if (cl == NULL) {
             /* no body */
@@ -74,9 +112,21 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_get_buffer_helper(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
         {
             ngx_wasm_http_reader_ctx_t      *reader;
             ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_t  *call;
-            ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t           *pwexec;
 
-            pwexec = ngx_proxy_wasm_instance2pwexec(instance);
+            /* check context */
+
+            switch (pwctx->step) {
+            case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_DISPATCH_RESPONSE:
+            case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_LOG:
+                break;
+            default:
+                *trapmsg = "can only get dispatch response body during "
+                           "\"on_http_dispatch_response\"";
+                return NULL;
+            }
+
+            /* get */
+
             call = pwexec->call;
             if (call == NULL) {
                 return NULL;
@@ -207,11 +257,10 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_set_tick_period(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
     ngx_event_t            *ev;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t  *rexec = ngx_proxy_wasm_instance2pwexec(instance);
 
-    ngx_wasm_assert(rexec->root_id == NGX_PROXY_WASM_ROOT_CTX_ID);
-
     if (rexec->root_id != NGX_PROXY_WASM_ROOT_CTX_ID) {
-        /* ignore */
-        return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_ok(rets);
+        return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(rexec,
+                                          "can only set tick_period in "
+                                          "root context", rets, NGX_WAVM_OK);
     }
 
     if (ngx_exiting) {
@@ -254,6 +303,7 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_get_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
 {
     size_t                         offset, max_len, len, chunk_len;
     unsigned                       none = 0;
+    char                          *trapmsg = NULL;
     u_char                        *start = NULL;
     ngx_chain_t                   *cl = NULL;
     ngx_buf_t                     *buf;
@@ -282,8 +332,14 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_get_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
         break;
 
     default:
-        cl = ngx_proxy_wasm_get_buffer_helper(instance, buf_type, &none);
+        cl = ngx_proxy_wasm_get_buffer_helper(instance, buf_type, &none,
+                                              &trapmsg);
         if (cl == NULL) {
+            if (trapmsg) {
+                return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(pwexec, trapmsg,
+                                                  rets, NGX_WAVM_BAD_USAGE);
+            }
+
             if (none) {
                 return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_notfound(rets);
             }
@@ -376,9 +432,10 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_set_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
     ngx_wavm_ptr_t                *buf_data;
     ngx_http_wasm_req_ctx_t       *rctx;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t         *pwexec;
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_ctx_t          *pwctx;
 
-    rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
     pwexec = ngx_proxy_wasm_instance2pwexec(instance);
+    pwctx = pwexec->parent;
 
     offset = args[1].of.i32;
     max = args[2].of.i32;
@@ -400,6 +457,26 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_set_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
 
 #ifdef NGX_WASM_HTTP
     case NGX_PROXY_WASM_BUFFER_HTTP_REQUEST_BODY:
+
+        /* check context */
+
+        switch (pwctx->step) {
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_HEADERS:
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_BODY:
+            break;
+        default:
+            return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(pwexec,
+                                              "can only set request body "
+                                              "during \"on_request_body\"",
+                                              rets, NGX_WAVM_BAD_USAGE);
+        }
+
+        /* set */
+
+        rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
+
+        ngx_wasm_assert(rctx);
+
         if (offset == 0 && max == 0 && buf_len > 0) {
             rc = ngx_http_wasm_prepend_req_body(rctx, &s);
 
@@ -407,15 +484,29 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_set_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
             rc = ngx_http_wasm_set_req_body(rctx, &s, offset, max);
         }
 
-        if (rc == NGX_ABORT) {
+        ngx_wasm_assert(rc != NGX_ABORT);
+        break;
+
+    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_BUFFER_HTTP_RESPONSE_BODY:
+
+        /* check context */
+
+        switch (pwctx->step) {
+        case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_RESP_BODY:
+            break;
+        default:
             return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(pwexec,
-                                              "cannot set request body",
+                                              "can only set response body "
+                                              "during \"on_response_body\"",
                                               rets, NGX_WAVM_BAD_USAGE);
         }
 
-        break;
+        /* set */
+
+        rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
+
+        ngx_wasm_assert(rctx);
 
-    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_BUFFER_HTTP_RESPONSE_BODY:
         if (offset == 0 && max == 0 && buf_len > 0) {
             rc = ngx_http_wasm_prepend_resp_body(rctx, &s);
 
@@ -423,12 +514,7 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_set_buffer(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
             rc = ngx_http_wasm_set_resp_body(rctx, &s, offset, max);
         }
 
-        if (rc == NGX_ABORT) {
-            return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(pwexec,
-                                              "cannot set response body",
-                                              rets, NGX_WAVM_BAD_USAGE);
-        }
-
+        ngx_wasm_assert(rc != NGX_ABORT);
         break;
 #endif
 
@@ -972,12 +1058,33 @@ ngx_proxy_wasm_hfuncs_dispatch_http_call(ngx_wavm_instance_t *instance,
     uint32_t                         *callout_id, timeout;
     ngx_str_t                         host, body;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_marshalled_map_t   headers, trailers;
+    ngx_proxy_wasm_ctx_t             *pwctx;
     ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t            *pwexec;
     ngx_http_wasm_req_ctx_t          *rctx;
     ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_t   *call = NULL;
 
     pwexec = ngx_proxy_wasm_instance2pwexec(instance);
     rctx = ngx_http_proxy_wasm_get_rctx(instance);
+    pwctx = pwexec->parent;
+
+    /* check context */
+
+    switch (pwctx->step) {
+    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_HEADERS:
+    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_REQ_BODY:
+    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_TICK:
+    case NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_DISPATCH_RESPONSE:
+        break;
+    default:
+        return ngx_proxy_wasm_result_trap(pwexec,
+                                          "can only send HTTP dispatch "
+                                          "during "
+                                          "\"on_request_headers\", "
+                                          "\"on_request_body\", "
+                                          "\"on_dispatch_response\", "
+                                          "\"on_tick\"",
+                                          rets, NGX_WAVM_BAD_USAGE);
+    }
 
     host.len = args[1].of.i32;
     host.data = NGX_WAVM_HOST_LIFT_SLICE(instance, args[0].of.i32, host.len);
diff --git a/src/http/proxy_wasm/ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch.c b/src/http/proxy_wasm/ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch.c
index 6b5c37243..38391e9b1 100644
--- a/src/http/proxy_wasm/ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch.c
+++ b/src/http/proxy_wasm/ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch.c
@@ -155,7 +155,6 @@ ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch(ngx_proxy_wasm_exec_t *pwexec,
     /* rctx or fake request */
 
     if (rctx == NULL) {
-        ngx_wasm_assert(pwexec->in_tick);
         ngx_wasm_assert(pwexec->root_id == NGX_PROXY_WASM_ROOT_CTX_ID);
         ngx_wasm_assert(pwexec->parent->id == NGX_PROXY_WASM_ROOT_CTX_ID);
 
@@ -426,6 +425,8 @@ ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_destroy(ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_t *call)
     sock = &call->sock;
     rctx = call->rctx;
 
+    dd("enter");
+
     ngx_wasm_socket_tcp_destroy(sock);
 
     if (call->host.data) {
@@ -825,6 +826,11 @@ ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_resume_handler(ngx_wasm_socket_tcp_t *sock)
         /* save step */
         step = pwexec->parent->step;
 
+#ifdef NGX_WASM_HTTP
+        pwexec->parent->phase = ngx_wasm_phase_lookup(&ngx_http_wasm_subsystem,
+                                    NGX_WASM_BACKGROUND_PHASE);
+#endif
+
         ecode = ngx_proxy_wasm_run_step(pwexec,
                                         NGX_PROXY_WASM_STEP_DISPATCH_RESPONSE);
         if (ecode != NGX_PROXY_WASM_ERR_NONE) {
@@ -838,6 +844,9 @@ ngx_http_proxy_wasm_dispatch_resume_handler(ngx_wasm_socket_tcp_t *sock)
             /* resume current step if unfinished */
             rc = ngx_proxy_wasm_resume(pwexec->parent, pwexec->parent->phase,
                                        step);
+            if (rc != NGX_OK && rc != NGX_AGAIN) {
+                goto error;
+            }
 
         } else {
             /* another call was setup during the callback */
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/002-shm_queue_sanity.t b/t/01-wasm/002-shm_queue_sanity.t
index 7182f48ed..0acedb318 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/002-shm_queue_sanity.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/002-shm_queue_sanity.t
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use t::TestWasm;
 
 workers(2);
 master_on();
-skip_valgrind();
+#skip_valgrind();
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 5);
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/003-shm_kv_sanity.t b/t/01-wasm/003-shm_kv_sanity.t
index 19c7600e6..d890d6479 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/003-shm_kv_sanity.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/003-shm_kv_sanity.t
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ use t::TestWasm;
 
 workers(2);
 master_on();
-skip_valgrind();
+#skip_valgrind();
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 5);
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/001-module_directive.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/001-module_directive.t
index 0946d01f2..15bafdb71 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/001-module_directive.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/001-module_directive.t
@@ -8,13 +8,12 @@ our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
+no_shuffle();
 run_tests();
 
 __DATA__
 
 === TEST 1: module directive - valid .wasm module
-Too slow for Valgrind
---- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config eval
 qq{
     wasm {
@@ -67,6 +66,7 @@ qr/\[debug\] .*? wasm loading "b" module bytes from ".*?a\.wat"/]
 
 
 === TEST 4: module directive - invalid arguments
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wat;
@@ -81,6 +81,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? invalid number of arguments in "module" directive/
 
 
 === TEST 5: module directive - bad name
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module '' $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wat;
@@ -95,6 +96,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? invalid module name ""/
 
 
 === TEST 6: module directive - bad path
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a '';
@@ -109,6 +111,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? invalid module path ""/
 
 
 === TEST 7: module directive - already defined
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wat;
@@ -127,6 +130,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? "a" module already defined/
 
 
 === TEST 8: module directive - no such path
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/none.wat;
@@ -141,6 +145,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? \[wasm\] open\(\) ".*?none\.wat" failed \(2: No such file or di
 
 
 === TEST 9: module directive - no .wat bytes - wasmtime, wasmer
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- skip_eval: 4: !( $::nginxV =~ m/wasmtime/ || $::nginxV =~ m/wasmer/ )
 --- main_config
     wasm {
@@ -160,6 +165,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? \[wasm\] open\(\) ".*?none\.wat" failed \(2: No such file or di
 
 
 === TEST 10: module directive - no .wat bytes - v8
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- skip_eval: 4: $::nginxV !~ m/v8/
 --- main_config
     wasm {
@@ -179,6 +185,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? \[wasm\] open\(\) ".*?none\.wat" failed \(2: No such file or di
 
 
 === TEST 11: module directive - no .wasm bytes
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wasm;
@@ -197,6 +204,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? \[wasm\] open\(\) ".*?none\.wat" failed \(2: No such file or di
 
 
 === TEST 12: module directive - invalid .wat module - wasmtime, wasmer
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- skip_eval: 4: !( $::nginxV =~ m/wasmtime/ || $::nginxV =~ m/wasmer/ )
 --- main_config
     wasm {
@@ -219,6 +227,7 @@ qr/\[emerg\] .*? \[wasm\] open\(\) ".*?none\.wat" failed \(2: No such file or di
 
 
 === TEST 13: module directive - invalid .wat module - v8
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- skip_eval: 4: $::nginxV !~ m/v8/
 --- main_config
     wasm {
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/002-compiler_directive.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/002-compiler_directive.t
index dfffff79e..ad0fe43a2 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/002-compiler_directive.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/002-compiler_directive.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_valgrind('always');
 
 our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/003-shm_directives.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/003-shm_directives.t
index 2ac92e75e..9563034e6 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/003-shm_directives.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/003-shm_directives.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+#skip_valgrind('always');
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 5);
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/004-resolver_directive.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/004-resolver_directive.t
index 041540592..c367f8dc8 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/004-resolver_directive.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/004-resolver_directive.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+#skip_valgrind();
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/005-socket_directives.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/005-socket_directives.t
index 9376ad4c0..dd42fbaf4 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/005-socket_directives.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/005-socket_directives.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+#skip_valgrind();
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/006-backtraces_directive.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/006-backtraces_directive.t
index 9fa2a6cb7..40c63135b 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/006-backtraces_directive.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/006-backtraces_directive.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind('wasmtime');
+#skip_valgrind('wasmtime');
 
 our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/008-flag_directive_wasmtime.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/008-flag_directive_wasmtime.t
index 89c4259bb..8af43951c 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/008-flag_directive_wasmtime.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/008-flag_directive_wasmtime.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_valgrind('always');
 
 our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 our $osname = $t::TestWasm::osname;
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/009-flag_directive_wasmer.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/009-flag_directive_wasmer.t
index f393152f6..c9a4d5c8f 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/009-flag_directive_wasmer.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/009-flag_directive_wasmer.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_valgrind('always');
 
 our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/directives/010-flag_directive_v8.t b/t/01-wasm/directives/010-flag_directive_v8.t
index 8659bd001..ae0ef8830 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/directives/010-flag_directive_v8.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/directives/010-flag_directive_v8.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_valgrind('always');
 
 our $nginxV = $t::TestWasm::nginxV;
 
diff --git a/t/01-wasm/hfuncs/001-log.t b/t/01-wasm/hfuncs/001-log.t
index 5ead7563a..3e3b21e14 100644
--- a/t/01-wasm/hfuncs/001-log.t
+++ b/t/01-wasm/hfuncs/001-log.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_valgrind('always');
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 3);
 
diff --git a/t/02-http/002-wasm_oob.t b/t/02-http/002-wasm_oob.t
index cc5a5b2f8..7ab536933 100644
--- a/t/02-http/002-wasm_oob.t
+++ b/t/02-http/002-wasm_oob.t
@@ -4,8 +4,6 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
-
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
 run_tests();
@@ -13,6 +11,7 @@ run_tests();
 __DATA__
 
 === TEST 1: wasm - oob memory read
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wat;
@@ -41,6 +40,7 @@ qr/(\[error\] .*? out of bounds|wasm trap: out of bounds memory access|Uncaught
 
 
 === TEST 2: wasm - oob memory write
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- main_config
     wasm {
         module a $TEST_NGINX_HTML_DIR/a.wat;
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/002-on_root_phases_failures.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/002-on_root_phases_failures.t
index 2b5b5ac9c..dc6ac7ecb 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/002-on_root_phases_failures.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/002-on_root_phases_failures.t
@@ -6,8 +6,7 @@ use t::TestWasm;
 
 skip_valgrind('wasmtime');
 
-my $n = 4;
-plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * $n);
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
 run_tests();
 
@@ -17,7 +16,7 @@ __DATA__
 'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
 Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
 HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
---- skip_eval: $n: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
 --- main_config eval
 qq{
     wasm {
@@ -43,7 +42,7 @@ qq{
 'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
 Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
 HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
---- skip_eval: $n: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
 --- main_config eval
 qq{
     wasm {
@@ -70,7 +69,7 @@ qq{
 'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
 Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
 HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
---- skip_eval: $n: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
 --- main_config eval
 qq{
     wasm {
@@ -96,7 +95,7 @@ qq{
 'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
 Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
 HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
---- skip_eval: $n: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
 --- main_config eval
 qq{
     wasm {
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/100-proxy_log.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/100-proxy_log.t
index ac6ef8c27..dc78ad99e 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/100-proxy_log.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/100-proxy_log.t
@@ -36,50 +36,7 @@ ok
 
 
 
-=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm - proxy_log() x on_phases
---- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
---- wasm_modules: hostcalls
---- config
-    location /t/A {
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=request_headers \
-                              test=/t/log/levels';
-        echo A;
-    }
-
-    location /t/B {
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_headers \
-                              test=/t/log/levels';
-        echo B;
-    }
-
-    location /t {
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=log \
-                              test=/t/log/levels';
-        echo_location /t/A;
-        echo_location /t/B;
-        echo C;
-    }
---- request
-GET /t
---- response_body
-A
-B
-C
---- error_log eval
-[
-    qr/testing in "RequestHeaders"/,
-    qr/\[error\] .*? proxy_log error/,
-    qr/testing in "ResponseHeaders"/,
-    qr/\[error\] .*? proxy_log error/,
-    qr/testing in "Log"/,
-    qr/\[error\] .*? proxy_log error/,
-]
---- no_error_log
-[alert]
-
-
-
-=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm - proxy_log() bad log level
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm - proxy_log() bad log level
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
 --- config
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/101-proxy_get_current_time.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/101-proxy_get_current_time.t
index e2c310970..45dde40a0 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/101-proxy_get_current_time.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/101-proxy_get_current_time.t
@@ -24,8 +24,6 @@ should produce a log with the current time (ms as ~ns)
 --- response_body
 ok
 --- error_log eval
-[
-    qr/\[info\] .*? now: 2.*? UTC/,
-]
+qr/\[info\] .*? now: 2.*? UTC/,
 --- no_error_log
 [error]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/106-proxy_get_http_response_header.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/106-proxy_get_http_response_header.t
index 36c8ba5c8..8b5496ec8 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/106-proxy_get_http_response_header.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/106-proxy_get_http_response_header.t
@@ -301,6 +301,7 @@ resp header "connection: close".*/
 
 
 === TEST 10: proxy_wasm - get_http_response_header() get Connection header (keep-alive)
+--- skip_valgrind: 5
 --- timeout_expected: 5
 --- abort
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
@@ -379,6 +380,7 @@ resp header "connection: upgrade".*/
 
 
 === TEST 12: proxy_wasm - get_http_response_header() get Keep-Alive header
+--- skip_valgrind: 5
 --- timeout_expected: 5
 --- abort
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/111-proxy_set_http_request_header.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/111-proxy_set_http_request_header.t
index 8c7a05bb5..8521ece21 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/111-proxy_set_http_request_header.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/111-proxy_set_http_request_header.t
@@ -160,6 +160,7 @@ qr/.*? on_request_headers, 22 headers.*
 
 
 === TEST 7: proxy_wasm - set_http_request_header() sets Connection header (keep-alive)
+--- skip_valgrind: 5
 --- timeout_expected: 5
 --- abort
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/112-proxy_set_http_response_header.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/112-proxy_set_http_response_header.t
index 37d107ab7..23ac5f603 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/112-proxy_set_http_response_header.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/112-proxy_set_http_response_header.t
@@ -199,6 +199,7 @@ resp Connection: upgrade.*/
 
 
 === TEST 8: proxy_wasm - set_http_response_header() sets Connection header (keep-alive)
+--- skip_valgrind: 5
 --- timeout_expected: 5
 --- abort
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t
index 1c31f21b1..310dbf035 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t
@@ -204,61 +204,3 @@ HelloWorld
 [error]
 [crit]
 [alert]
-
-
-
-=== TEST 7: proxy_wasm - set_http_request_body() x on_phases
---- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
---- wasm_modules: hostcalls
---- config
-    location /request_headers {
-        # ok
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=request_headers \
-                              test=/t/set_request_body \
-                              value=from_request_headers';
-        echo $request_body;
-    }
-
-    location /request_body {
-        # ok
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=request_body \
-                              test=/t/set_request_body \
-                              value=from_request_body';
-        echo $request_body;
-    }
-
-    location /response_headers {
-        # cannot set request body
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_headers \
-                              test=/t/set_request_body';
-        echo $request_body;
-    }
-
-    location /log {
-        # not executed (subrequest)
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=log \
-                              test=/t/set_request_body';
-        echo $request_body;
-    }
-
-    location /t {
-        echo_subrequest POST /request_headers  -b 'orig';
-        echo_subrequest POST /request_body     -b 'orig';
-        echo_subrequest POST /response_headers -b 'orig';
-        echo_subrequest POST /log              -b 'orig';
-
-        # cannot resume
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_body test=/t/log/request_body';
-    }
---- response_body eval
-qr/from_request_headers
-from_request_body
-[\s\S]+500 Internal Server Error/
---- grep_error_log eval: qr/(.*?cannot set|\[.*?failed resuming).*/
---- grep_error_log_out eval
-qr/.*?host trap \(bad usage\): cannot set request body.*
-\[info\] .*? \*\d+ .*? filter chain failed resuming: previous error \(instance trapped\).*? subrequest: "\/response_headers".*
-\z/
---- no_error_log
-[alert]
-[stderr]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t
index 15ce88076..8d07b69c4 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ on_response_body, 0 bytes, eof: true.*/
 
     location /t {
         echo_subrequest GET /subrequest;
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_headers \
+        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=log \
                               test=/t/log/response_body';
     }
 --- response_headers
@@ -305,52 +305,3 @@ on_response_body, 0 bytes, eof: true.*/
 --- no_error_log
 [error]
 [crit]
-
-
-
-=== TEST 7: proxy_wasm - set_http_response_body() x on_phases
-should not be usable anywhere else than on_http_response_body
-should not be retrievable after on_http_response_body since buffers are consumed
---- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
---- wasm_modules: hostcalls
---- config
-    proxy_wasm_isolation filter;
-
-    location /request_headers {
-        internal;
-        echo;
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=request_headers \
-                              test=/t/set_response_body';
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=request_headers \
-                              test=/t/log/response_body';
-    }
-
-    location /response_headers {
-        internal;
-        echo;
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_headers \
-                              test=/t/set_response_body';
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=response_headers \
-                              test=/t/log/response_body';
-    }
-
-    location /t {
-        echo_subrequest GET /request_headers;
-        echo_subrequest GET /response_headers;
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=log test=/t/set_response_body';
-    }
---- response_headers
-Transfer-Encoding: chunked
-Content-Length:
---- response_body eval
-qr/500 Internal Server Error/
---- grep_error_log eval: qr/(.*?cannot set|\[.*?failed resuming).*/
---- grep_error_log_out eval
-qr/.*?host trap \(bad usage\): cannot set response body.*
-\[info\] .*? \*\d+ .*? filter chain failed resuming: previous error \(instance trapped\).*? subrequest: "\/request_headers".*
-.*?host trap \(bad usage\): cannot set response body.*
-\[info\] .*? \*\d+ .*? filter chain failed resuming: previous error \(instance trapped\).*? subrequest: "\/response_headers".*
-.*?host trap \(bad usage\): cannot set response body.*/
---- no_error_log
-[alert]
-[stderr]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t
index bf0c0772f..777634248 100644
--- a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t
@@ -1171,31 +1171,7 @@ qr/^\*\d+ .*? on_http_call_response \(id: \d+[^*]*
 
 
 
-=== TEST 46: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() on log step
---- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
---- wasm_modules: hostcalls
---- config
-    location /dispatched {
-        return 200 "Hello world";
-    }
-
-    location /t {
-        proxy_wasm hostcalls 'on=log \
-                              test=/t/dispatch_http_call \
-                              host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT \
-                              path=/dispatched';
-        echo fail;
-    }
---- response_body
-fail
---- error_log eval
-qr/(\[error\]|Uncaught RuntimeError|\s+).*?dispatch failed: bad step/
---- no_error_log
-[crit]
-
-
-
-=== TEST 47: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() supports get_http_call_response_headers()
+=== TEST 46: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() supports get_http_call_response_headers()
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
 --- config
@@ -1219,7 +1195,7 @@ X-Callout-Header: callout-header-value
 
 
 
-=== TEST 48: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() get :status dispatch response header
+=== TEST 47: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() get :status dispatch response header
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
 --- config
@@ -1262,7 +1238,7 @@ qr/^\*\d+ .*? on_http_call_response \(id: \d+, status: 200[^*]*
 
 
 
-=== TEST 49: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() with dispatched request body
+=== TEST 48: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() with dispatched request body
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
 --- config
@@ -1288,7 +1264,7 @@ helloworld
 
 
 
-=== TEST 50: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() override Content-Length
+=== TEST 49: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() override Content-Length
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
 --- config
@@ -1315,7 +1291,7 @@ helloworl
 
 
 
-=== TEST 51: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() cannot override hard-coded request headers
+=== TEST 50: proxy_wasm - dispatch_http_call() cannot override hard-coded request headers
 --- skip_no_debug: 4
 --- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
 --- wasm_modules: hostcalls
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/002-set_tick_period.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/002-set_tick_period.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b8f213f3e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/002-set_tick_period.t
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - set_tick_period on_vm_start
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm 'set_tick_period';
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+set_tick_period status: 0
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - set_tick_period on_configure
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=set_tick_period';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+set_tick_period status: 0
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - set_tick_period on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=set_tick_period';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+tick_period already set
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - set_tick_period on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=set_tick_period \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+can only set tick_period in root context
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+[alert]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 5: proxy_wasm contexts - set_tick_period on_request_headers
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_headers=set_tick_period';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- error_code: 500
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+can only set tick_period in root context
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+[alert]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/100-proxy_log.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/100-proxy_log.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..dff0ae0f1
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/100-proxy_log.t
@@ -0,0 +1,191 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_vm_start
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm 'proxy_log';
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_configure
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=proxy_log';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_tick
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=proxy_log';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=proxy_log \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 5: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_request_headers
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_headers=proxy_log';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 6: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_request_body
+--- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_body=proxy_log';
+        echo ok;
+    }
+--- request
+POST /t
+payload
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 7: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_response_headers
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_headers=proxy_log';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 8: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_response_body
+--- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_body=proxy_log';
+        echo ok;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 9: proxy_wasm contexts - proxy_log on_log
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_log=proxy_log';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+proxy_log msg
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/113-proxy_get_http_request_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/113-proxy_get_http_request_body.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0ff1f540e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/113-proxy_get_http_request_body.t
@@ -0,0 +1,102 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_request_body on_vm_start
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm 'get_request_body_buffer';
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only get request body during "on_request_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_request_body on_configure
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=get_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only get request body during "on_request_body", "on_log"
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_request_body on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=get_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only get request body during "on_request_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_request_body on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=get_request_body_buffer \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only get request body during "on_request_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..f3c7a16bc
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/114-proxy_set_http_request_body.t
@@ -0,0 +1,186 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_vm_start
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm 'set_request_body_buffer';
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_configure
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=set_request_body_buffer \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 5: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_request_headers
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_headers=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+set_request_body_buffer status: 0
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 6: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_request_body
+--- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_body=set_request_body_buffer';
+        echo ok;
+    }
+--- request
+POST /t
+hello
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+set_request_body_buffer status: 0
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 7: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_response_headers
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_headers=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 8: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_response_body (request_body_buffer)
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_body=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 9: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_request_body on_log
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_log=set_request_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set request body during "on_request_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/115-proxy_get_http_response_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/115-proxy_get_http_response_body.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..c5bfadaa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/115-proxy_get_http_response_body.t
@@ -0,0 +1,101 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_response_body on_vm_start (response_body_buffer)
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm 'get_response_body_buffer';
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only get response body during "on_response_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_response_body on_configure
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=get_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only get response body during "on_response_body", "on_log"
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_response_body on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=get_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only get response body during "on_response_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_response_body on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=get_response_body_buffer \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only get response body during "on_response_body", "on_log"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..792373a0c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/116-proxy_set_http_response_body.t
@@ -0,0 +1,189 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_vm_start
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm 'set_response_body_buffer';
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_configure
+'daemon off' must be set to check exit_code is 2
+Valgrind mode already writes 'daemon off'
+HUP mode does not catch the worker exit_code
+--- skip_eval: 4: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1
+--- main_config eval
+qq{
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $ENV{TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR}/context_checks.wasm;
+    }
+}.($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} ? '' : 'daemon off;')
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+[emerg]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- must_die: 2
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_http_dispatch_response
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_http_dispatch_response=set_response_body_buffer \
+                                   host=127.0.0.1:$TEST_NGINX_SERVER_PORT';
+        return 200;
+    }
+
+    location /dispatch {
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 5: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_request_headers
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_headers=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- error_code: 500
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 6: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_request_body
+--- load_nginx_modules: ngx_http_echo_module
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_request_body=set_response_body_buffer';
+        echo ok;
+    }
+--- request
+POST /t
+hello
+--- error_code: 500
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 7: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_response_headers
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_headers=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 8: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_response_body
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_response_body=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- error_code:
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+set_response_body_buffer status: 0
+--- no_error_log
+[error]
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 9: proxy_wasm contexts - set_http_response_body on_log
+should not be retrievable after on_response_body since buffers are consumed
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_log=set_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only set response body during "on_response_body"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65469b03d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/130-proxy_dispatch_http.t
@@ -0,0 +1,78 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - dispatch_http_call on_vm_start
+--- main_config
+    wasm {
+        module context_checks $TEST_NGINX_CRATES_DIR/context_checks.wasm 'dispatch_http_call';
+    }
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks;
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- must_die: 0
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only send HTTP dispatch during "on_request_headers", "on_request_body", "on_dispatch_response", "on_tick"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 2: proxy_wasm contexts - dispatch_http_call on_configure
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_configure=dispatch_http_call';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- must_die: 0
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only send HTTP dispatch during "on_request_headers", "on_request_body", "on_dispatch_response", "on_tick"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 3: proxy_wasm contexts - dispatch_http_call on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=dispatch_http_call';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- error_log
+dispatch failed: no :method
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
+[emerg]
+
+
+
+=== TEST 4: proxy_wasm contexts - dispatch_http_call on_log
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_log=dispatch_http_call';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only send HTTP dispatch during "on_request_headers", "on_request_body", "on_dispatch_response", "on_tick"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/131-proxy_get_http_dispatch_response_body.t b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/131-proxy_get_http_dispatch_response_body.t
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..05efb5d5d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/03-proxy_wasm/hfuncs/contexts/131-proxy_get_http_dispatch_response_body.t
@@ -0,0 +1,29 @@
+# vim:set ft= ts=4 sts=4 sw=4 et fdm=marker:
+
+use strict;
+use lib '.';
+use t::TestWasm;
+
+skip_hup();
+skip_no_debug();
+skip_valgrind('always');
+
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
+
+run_tests();
+
+__DATA__
+
+=== TEST 1: proxy_wasm contexts - get_http_dispatch_response_body on_tick
+--- wasm_modules: context_checks
+--- config
+    location /t {
+        proxy_wasm context_checks 'on_tick=get_dispatch_response_body_buffer';
+        return 200;
+    }
+--- ignore_response_body
+--- error_log
+[error]
+can only get dispatch response body during "on_http_dispatch_response"
+--- no_error_log
+[crit]
diff --git a/t/04-openresty/ffi/200-proxy_wasm_and_lua_sanity.t b/t/04-openresty/ffi/200-proxy_wasm_and_lua_sanity.t
index 161bbed3c..60a18aaf4 100644
--- a/t/04-openresty/ffi/200-proxy_wasm_and_lua_sanity.t
+++ b/t/04-openresty/ffi/200-proxy_wasm_and_lua_sanity.t
@@ -245,7 +245,7 @@ qr/on_http_call_response \(id: \d+, status: 200, headers: 5, body_bytes: \d+, tr
 --- grep_error_log eval: qr/\*\d+.*?\[proxy-wasm\].*?(resuming|freeing).*/
 --- grep_error_log_out eval
 qr/\A\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_request_headers" step in "rewrite" phase[^#*]*
-\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "access" phase[^#*]*
+\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "background" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_response_headers" step in "header_filter" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_response_body" step in "body_filter" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_log" step in "log" phase[^#*]*
@@ -308,7 +308,7 @@ qr/on_http_call_response \(id: \d+, status: 200, headers: 5, body_bytes: \d+, tr
 --- grep_error_log eval: qr/\*\d+.*?\[proxy-wasm\].*?(resuming|freeing).*/
 --- grep_error_log_out eval
 qr/\A\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_request_headers" step in "rewrite" phase[^#*]*
-\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "access" phase[^#*]*
+\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "background" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_response_headers" step in "header_filter" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_response_body" step in "body_filter" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_response_body" step in "body_filter" phase[^#*]*
@@ -377,7 +377,7 @@ qr/\A\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_request_headers" step in "rewrite" phase
 --- grep_error_log eval: qr/\*\d+.*?\[proxy-wasm\].*?(resuming|freeing).*/
 --- grep_error_log_out eval
 qr/\A\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_request_headers" step in "rewrite" phase[^#*]*
-\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "access" phase[^#*]*
+\*\d+ .*? filter 1\/1 resuming "on_dispatch_response" step in "background" phase[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter chain failed resuming: previous error \(dispatch failure\)[^#*]*
 \*\d+ .*? filter freeing context #\d+ \(1\/1\)[^#*]*\Z/
 
diff --git a/t/05-others/002-resolver_add_sanity.t b/t/05-others/002-resolver_add_sanity.t
index d4dc7e4ef..df7417bf8 100644
--- a/t/05-others/002-resolver_add_sanity.t
+++ b/t/05-others/002-resolver_add_sanity.t
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind('wasmtime');
+#skip_valgrind('wasmtime');
 
 plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
diff --git a/t/05-others/010-client_connection_abort.t b/t/05-others/010-client_connection_abort.t
index d49637f5a..71111b674 100644
--- a/t/05-others/010-client_connection_abort.t
+++ b/t/05-others/010-client_connection_abort.t
@@ -4,12 +4,9 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-if ($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP}) {
-    plan(skip_all => "unavailable in HUP mode");
+skip_hup();
 
-} else {
-    plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
-}
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
 run_tests();
 
diff --git a/t/05-others/011-upstream_connection_abort.t b/t/05-others/011-upstream_connection_abort.t
index 86703b0c7..ae07a178a 100644
--- a/t/05-others/011-upstream_connection_abort.t
+++ b/t/05-others/011-upstream_connection_abort.t
@@ -4,14 +4,9 @@ use strict;
 use lib '.';
 use t::TestWasm;
 
-skip_valgrind();
+skip_hup();
 
-if ($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP}) {
-    plan(skip_all => "unavailable in HUP mode");
-
-} else {
-    plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
-}
+plan tests => repeat_each() * (blocks() * 4);
 
 run_tests();
 
@@ -19,7 +14,7 @@ __DATA__
 
 === TEST 1: upstream connection abort - wasm_call
 Calls on aborted upstream connections execute response phases on the produced
-HTTP 502 response.
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- skip_no_debug: 4
 --- wasm_modules: ngx_rust_tests
 --- tcp_listen: $TEST_NGINX_UNIX_SOCKET
@@ -54,6 +49,7 @@ wasm ops calling "ngx_rust_tests\.log_notice_hello" in "body_filter" phase\Z/
 === TEST 2: upstream connection abort - chained filters
 Filters on aborted upstream connections execute response phases on the produced
 HTTP 502 response.
+--- skip_valgrind: 4
 --- wasm_modules: on_phases
 --- tcp_listen: $TEST_NGINX_UNIX_SOCKET
 --- tcp_shutdown: 2
diff --git a/t/TestWasm.pm b/t/TestWasm.pm
index 14638bec4..19099a219 100644
--- a/t/TestWasm.pm
+++ b/t/TestWasm.pm
@@ -31,6 +31,7 @@ our @EXPORT = qw(
     skip_no_debug
     skip_no_tinygo
     skip_valgrind
+    skip_hup
 );
 
 $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} ||= 0;
@@ -54,6 +55,9 @@ sub skip_valgrind (@) {
 
         if ($nver =~ m/$skip/) {
             plan skip_all => "skipped with Valgrind (nginx -V matches '$skip')";
+
+        } elsif ($skip eq "always") {
+            plan skip_all => "skipped with Valgrind (always)";
         }
 
         return;
@@ -64,6 +68,12 @@ sub skip_valgrind (@) {
     }
 }
 
+sub skip_hup {
+    if ($ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_HUP} == 1) {
+        plan(skip_all => "skipped in HUP mode");
+    }
+}
+
 sub skip_no_debug {
     if ($nginxV !~ m/--with-debug/) {
         plan(skip_all => "--with-debug required (NGX_BUILD_DEBUG=1)");
@@ -209,13 +219,22 @@ add_block_preprocessor(sub {
         }
     }
 
+    my $skip_n;
+    my @block_skip = ();
+
+    if (defined $block->skip_eval
+        && $block->skip_eval =~ m/\s*(\d+):\s*(.*)/)
+    {
+        push @block_skip, $2;
+    }
+
     # --- skip_no_debug: 3
 
     if (defined $block->skip_no_debug
-        && !defined $block->skip_eval
         && $block->skip_no_debug =~ m/\s*(\d+)/)
     {
-        $block->set_value("skip_eval", sprintf '%d: $::nginxV !~ m/--with-debug/', $1);
+        $skip_n = $1;
+        push @block_skip, '$::nginxV !~ m/--with-debug/';
     }
 
     # --- skip_valgrind: 3
@@ -224,7 +243,13 @@ add_block_preprocessor(sub {
         && $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND}
         && $block->skip_valgrind =~ m/\s*(\d+)/)
     {
-        $block->set_value("skip_eval", sprintf '%d: $ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND} && !$ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND_ALL}', $1);
+        $skip_n = $1;
+        push @block_skip, '$ENV{TEST_NGINX_USE_VALGRIND}';
+    }
+
+    if (defined $skip_n) {
+        $block->set_value("skip_eval", sprintf('%d: (%s)', $skip_n,
+                                               join " || ", @block_skip));
     }
 
     # --- timeout_expected: 1
diff --git a/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/Cargo.toml b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/Cargo.toml
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..65f7feee9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/Cargo.toml
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+[package]
+name = "context-checks"
+version = "0.1.0"
+authors = ["Thibault Charbonnier <thibaultcha@me.com>"]
+edition = "2018"
+
+[lib]
+crate-type = ["cdylib"]
+
+[dependencies]
+proxy-wasm = "0.2"
+log = "0.4"
diff --git a/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/hostcalls.rs b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/hostcalls.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..d24c05f30
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/hostcalls.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,178 @@
+use crate::*;
+use log::*;
+use proxy_wasm::types::*;
+use std::ptr::null_mut;
+
+#[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+extern "C" {
+    fn proxy_log(level: u32, message_data: *const u8, message_size: usize) -> Status;
+}
+
+pub fn log_something(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let msg = "proxy_log msg";
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_log(2, msg.as_ptr(), msg.len());
+        info!("proxy_log status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+extern "C" {
+    fn proxy_set_tick_period_milliseconds(period: u32) -> Status;
+}
+
+pub fn set_tick_period(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_set_tick_period_milliseconds(10000);
+        info!("set_tick_period status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+extern "C" {
+    fn proxy_set_buffer_bytes(
+        buffer_type: u32,
+        start: usize,
+        size: usize,
+        buffer_data: *const u8,
+        buffer_size: usize,
+    ) -> Status;
+}
+
+pub fn set_request_body_buffer(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let v = String::default();
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_set_buffer_bytes(
+            BufferType::HttpRequestBody as u32,
+            0,
+            0,
+            v.as_ptr(),
+            v.len(),
+        );
+
+        info!("set_request_body_buffer status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn set_response_body_buffer(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let v = String::default();
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_set_buffer_bytes(
+            BufferType::HttpResponseBody as u32,
+            0,
+            0,
+            v.as_ptr(),
+            v.len(),
+        );
+
+        info!("set_response_body_buffer status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+extern "C" {
+    fn proxy_get_buffer_bytes(
+        buffer_type: u32,
+        start: usize,
+        max_size: usize,
+        return_buffer_data: *mut *mut u8,
+        return_buffer_size: *mut usize,
+    ) -> Status;
+}
+
+pub fn get_request_body_buffer(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let mut return_data: *mut u8 = null_mut();
+    let mut return_size: usize = 0;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_get_buffer_bytes(
+            BufferType::HttpRequestBody as u32,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &mut return_data,
+            &mut return_size,
+        );
+
+        info!("get_request_body_buffer status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_response_body_buffer(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let mut return_data: *mut u8 = null_mut();
+    let mut return_size: usize = 0;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_get_buffer_bytes(
+            BufferType::HttpResponseBody as u32,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &mut return_data,
+            &mut return_size,
+        );
+
+        info!("get_response_body_buffer status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
+
+pub fn get_dispatch_response_body_buffer(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let mut return_data: *mut u8 = null_mut();
+    let mut return_size: usize = 0;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_get_buffer_bytes(
+            BufferType::HttpCallResponseBody as u32,
+            0,
+            0,
+            &mut return_data,
+            &mut return_size,
+        );
+
+        info!(
+            "get_dispatch_response_body_buffer status: {}",
+            status as u32
+        );
+    }
+}
+
+#[allow(improper_ctypes)]
+extern "C" {
+    fn proxy_http_call(
+        upstream_data: *const u8,
+        upstream_size: usize,
+        headers_data: *const u8,
+        headers_size: usize,
+        body_data: *const u8,
+        body_size: usize,
+        trailers_data: *const u8,
+        trailers_size: usize,
+        timeout: u32,
+        return_token: *mut u32,
+    ) -> Status;
+}
+
+pub fn dispatch_http_call(_ctx: &TestContext) {
+    let upstream = "";
+    let serialized_headers = "";
+    let serialized_trailers = "";
+    let body = "";
+    let mut return_token: u32 = 0;
+
+    unsafe {
+        let status = proxy_http_call(
+            upstream.as_ptr(),
+            0,
+            serialized_headers.as_ptr(),
+            0,
+            body.as_ptr(),
+            0,
+            serialized_trailers.as_ptr(),
+            0,
+            0,
+            &mut return_token,
+        );
+
+        info!("dispatch_http_call status: {}", status as u32);
+    }
+}
diff --git a/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/lib.rs b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/lib.rs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..8241b1c75
--- /dev/null
+++ b/t/lib/proxy-wasm-tests/context-checks/src/lib.rs
@@ -0,0 +1,213 @@
+mod hostcalls;
+
+use crate::hostcalls::*;
+use log::*;
+use proxy_wasm::{traits::*, types::*};
+use std::collections::HashMap;
+use std::time::Duration;
+
+pub struct TestContext {
+    config: HashMap<String, String>,
+}
+
+impl TestContext {
+    fn get_config(&self, name: &str) -> Option<&str> {
+        self.config.get(name).map(|s| s.as_str())
+    }
+
+    fn check_host_function(&self, name: &str) {
+        match name {
+            "proxy_log" => log_something(self),
+            "set_tick_period" => set_tick_period(self),
+            "set_request_body_buffer" => set_request_body_buffer(self),
+            "set_response_body_buffer" => set_response_body_buffer(self),
+            "get_request_body_buffer" => get_request_body_buffer(self),
+            "get_response_body_buffer" => get_response_body_buffer(self),
+            "get_dispatch_response_body_buffer" => get_dispatch_response_body_buffer(self),
+            "dispatch_http_call" => dispatch_http_call(self),
+            _ => (),
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+struct TestRoot {
+    tester: TestContext,
+}
+
+struct TestHttp {
+    tester: TestContext,
+}
+
+proxy_wasm::main! {{
+    proxy_wasm::set_log_level(LogLevel::Trace);
+    proxy_wasm::set_root_context(|_| -> Box<dyn RootContext> {
+        Box::new(TestRoot {
+            tester: TestContext {
+                config: HashMap::new(),
+            }
+        })
+    });
+}}
+
+impl HttpContext for TestHttp {
+    fn on_http_request_headers(&mut self, _: usize, _: bool) -> Action {
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_request_headers") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        } else if self
+            .tester
+            .get_config("on_http_dispatch_response")
+            .is_some()
+        {
+            let _ = self.dispatch_http_call(
+                self.tester.get_config("host").unwrap_or(""),
+                vec![(":path", "/dispatch"), (":method", "GET")],
+                None,
+                vec![],
+                Duration::from_secs(0),
+            );
+
+            return Action::Pause;
+        }
+
+        Action::Continue
+    }
+
+    fn on_http_request_body(&mut self, _: usize, _: bool) -> Action {
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_request_body") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+
+        Action::Continue
+    }
+
+    fn on_http_response_headers(&mut self, _: usize, _: bool) -> Action {
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_response_headers") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+
+        Action::Continue
+    }
+
+    fn on_http_response_body(&mut self, _: usize, _: bool) -> Action {
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_response_body") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+
+        Action::Continue
+    }
+
+    fn on_log(&mut self) {
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_log") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl Context for TestHttp {
+    fn on_http_call_response(
+        &mut self,
+        token_id: u32,
+        nheaders: usize,
+        body_size: usize,
+        ntrailers: usize,
+    ) {
+        let status = self.get_http_call_response_header(":status");
+
+        info!(
+            "on_http_call_response (id: {}, status: {}, headers: {}, body_bytes: {}, trailers: {})",
+            token_id,
+            status.unwrap_or("".to_string()),
+            nheaders,
+            body_size,
+            ntrailers
+        );
+
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_http_dispatch_response") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+impl RootContext for TestRoot {
+    fn on_vm_start(&mut self, _: usize) -> bool {
+        info!("on_vm_start");
+
+        if let Some(config) = self.get_vm_configuration() {
+            match std::str::from_utf8(&config) {
+                Ok(text) => {
+                    info!("vm config: {}", text);
+                    self.tester.check_host_function(text);
+                }
+                _ => info!("cannot parse vm config"),
+            }
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn on_configure(&mut self, _: usize) -> bool {
+        info!("on_configure");
+
+        if let Some(config_bytes) = self.get_plugin_configuration() {
+            let config_str = String::from_utf8(config_bytes).unwrap();
+            self.tester.config = config_str
+                .split_whitespace()
+                .filter_map(|s| s.split_once('='))
+                .map(|(k, v)| (k.to_string(), v.to_string()))
+                .collect();
+        } else {
+            self.tester.config = HashMap::new();
+        }
+
+        if self.tester.get_config("on_tick").is_some() {
+            self.set_tick_period(Duration::from_millis(100));
+        }
+
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_configure") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+
+        true
+    }
+
+    fn on_tick(&mut self) {
+        info!("on_tick",);
+
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_tick") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+    }
+
+    fn get_type(&self) -> Option<ContextType> {
+        Some(ContextType::HttpContext)
+    }
+
+    fn create_http_context(&self, _: u32) -> Option<Box<dyn HttpContext>> {
+        Some(Box::new(TestHttp {
+            tester: TestContext {
+                config: self.tester.config.clone(),
+            },
+        }))
+    }
+}
+
+impl Context for TestRoot {
+    fn on_http_call_response(
+        &mut self,
+        token_id: u32,
+        nheaders: usize,
+        body_size: usize,
+        ntrailers: usize,
+    ) {
+        let status = self.get_http_call_response_header(":status");
+
+        info!(
+            "on_root_http_call_response (id: {}, status: {}, headers: {}, body_bytes: {}, trailers: {})",
+            token_id, status.unwrap_or("".to_string()), nheaders, body_size, ntrailers
+        );
+
+        if let Some(name) = self.tester.get_config("on_http_dispatch_response") {
+            self.tester.check_host_function(name);
+        }
+    }
+}
diff --git a/valgrind.suppress b/valgrind.suppress
index c3b011f51..b6e487c7a 100644
--- a/valgrind.suppress
+++ b/valgrind.suppress
@@ -25,10 +25,9 @@
    <headers-more-nginx-module: set_header_helper>
    Memcheck:Cond
    fun:ngx_http_set_header_helper
+   ...
    fun:ngx_http_headers_more_exec_cmd
    fun:ngx_http_headers_more_filter
-   ...
-   fun:main
 }
 {
    <wasmer 3.1.1: parse>