report.tex

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%	TITLE SECTION 
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\title{Indoor Positioning System using BLE Beacons} % Poster title

\author{Authors: Ajin Tom, Aniket Rege, Abhishek Shanthkumar\\[3mm]Contributors: Prateek Wadhwani, Manisha Jhawar, Ashritha Kandiraju, Snehal Jauhri} % Author(s)

\institute{National Institute of Techology Karnataka, Surathkal} % Institution(s)

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%	OBJECTIVES
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\begin{alertblock}{Objectives}
The major objective of the project was to create an indoor positioning system (IPS) to locate people inside a building infrastructure using sensory information collected by mobile devices, specifically by measuring distances to nearby Bluetooth anchor nodes using Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology, and dynamically displaying the location in a GUI. This can be extended to applications in:
\begin{itemize}
\item Indoor Positioning/Navigation
\item Mobile Tracking
\item Location Sharing
\item Proximity Notifications 
\item Contextualized Information
\item Real-Time Messaging
\end{itemize}

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%	MOTIVATION
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\begin{block}{Motivation}
\textbf {BLE vs. GPS for IPS} 
\\
GPS technology is generally used for tracking objects through satellites in lower Earth orbit. It is accurate to a distance of 5-10 meters.In an indoor environment, this level of accuracy is not usable. Hence we use BLE nodes and a trilateration algorithm to obtain an accuracy suitable for these dimensions.
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\begin{figure}[h]
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\caption{Flow Chart for working of the IPS}
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%	MATERIALS
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\begin{block}{Design and Methodology}

The various modules that make up this project are as follows: 

\begin{itemize}
\item An \textbf {Android App} to display a list of available BLE nodes in the area, along with their signal strengths at a particular point in the form of RSSI values (Received Signal Strength Indication). These values are dynamically pushed to the server via the HTTP POST method.
\item A \textbf {Server built in Flask}, hosted on a \textbf{Raspberry-Pi} to dynamically receive and process data sent from the app, and send it for further processing. 
\item A \textbf {Trilateration Algorithm} to calculate location of a host phone in the building environment based on its RSSI values.
\item A \textbf {Graphcal User Interface (GUI)} built with the Python Curses library to display location of the host phone in realtime using x and y coordinates from the above algorithm.
\end{itemize}

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%	P
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\begin{block}{Hardware Setup}
The HM-10 modules are to be set up in the corners of a room, and extended through the indoor environment. They are to be configured to behave as broadcast beacons \textbf{(iBeacon standard)} using a serial adapter to connect to a PC, and the Arduino serial monitor for configuration using the AT command set. The modules operate on a supply voltage of 3.3 volts, and draw an average of 180 mA of current. Once powered, each broadcasts its own \textbf{UUID} up to a range of 10 meters. \\After this initial setup, a local server must also be set up to process the data received from each host. The server can be hosted locally on a PC, or online through a dedicated portal. Once the server setup is complete, the application is ready for phone hosts. The host phones must have Bluetooth enabled, and the ISTE BLE app installed. On walking through the environment, the location of the phone is \textbf{dynamically displayed and updated on the GUI}, after processing to calculate position on the server side.

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%	IMPORTANT To REMEMBER
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\begin{alertblock}{Important Result }

The RSSI values from a particular phone host is encoded as a string in the format Host,value1,value2,value3; and processed as a \textbf{JSON object.} JSON, or JavaScript Object Notation, is a human readable text format used for easy parsing and secure data transfer for asynchronous browser/server communication. It is essential to our implementation.

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%	EXAMPLE OF FACTORISATION
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\begin{block}{Components}
The main components of the IPS are as shown in figure 1. They are listed as:

\begin{enumerate}
\item Host Phone (Client)
\item Flask Server 
\item Trilateration Algorithm
\item Curses GUI 
\end{enumerate}

\end{block}

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%	PROOF OF VIETA'S FORMULAS
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\begin{block}{ iBeacon Standard}
A Beacon is identified by three parameters: its UUID, as well as \textbf{ Major and Minor} values.
Major values are intended to identify and distinguish a group – for example all beacons in on a certain floor will have a single major value.
Minor values are intended to identify and distinguish an individual – that is, for a particular node.
All these parameters are displayed in a list format in the app.

\end{block}

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%	CONCLUSION
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\begin{block}{Trilateration Algorithm}
  The RSSI values received from the beacons are used by the \textbf {Trilateration algorithm}for distance estimation between the beacons and mobile device. By using this method one considers three or more beacons allocated in the building. The signal strengths of these beacons decrease exponentially depending on the distance between transmitter and receiver. Thus this dependency can be considered as function of distance. The distance estimated by signal strength is presented as a \textbf{circle with a radius around the beacon}. The intersection of the three beacons' radii provides a point or an area of receiver. For highly accurate location estimation, larger number of nodes (6-8) are required.

\end{block}


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%	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
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\begin{block}{References and Resources}

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\begin{itemize}
\item http://www.blueluminance.com/HM-10-as-iBeacon.pdf, Beacon Configuration
\item http://flask.pocoo.org/docs/0.10/, Flask Documentation
\item https://docs.python.org/2/howto/curses.html, Curses GUI Documentation
\end{itemize}

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\begin{alertblock}{Conclusion and Results}
We made the following observations in the course of this project:
\begin{itemize}
\item The application proved efficient and accurate as an Indoor Positioning System
\item Flask is an excellent and versatile framework for establishing client-server connection
\item Data sent as JSON objects is easy to parse and secure in transmission 
\item GUI can be extended to an aesthetically improved and dimensionally correct version using Ionic and AngularJS 
\end{itemize}

\end{alertblock}


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