diff --git a/Dockerfile b/Dockerfile
index 84c57c45..95077a98 100644
--- a/Dockerfile
+++ b/Dockerfile
@@ -1,13 +1,7 @@
 # nosemgrep:github.workflows.config.dockerfile-source-not-pinned
 FROM ubuntu:22.04 as installer
-COPY --from=iqtlabs/gamutrf-base:latest /usr/local /usr/local
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
 ENV PATH="${PATH}:/root/.local/bin"
-WORKDIR /gamutrf
-COPY gamutrf gamutrf/
-COPY bin bin/
-COPY templates templates/
-COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml README.md /gamutrf/
 SHELL ["/bin/bash", "-o", "pipefail", "-c"]
 # TODO: https://github.com/python-poetry/poetry/issues/3591
 # Install pandas via pip to get wheel. Disabling the new installer/configuring a wheel source does not work.
@@ -25,16 +19,20 @@ RUN apt-get update && apt-get install --no-install-recommends -y -q \
     python3-pip && \
     curl -sSL https://install.python-poetry.org | python3 - --version 1.4.2 && \
     poetry config virtualenvs.create false && \
-    python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \
-    poetry run pip install --no-cache-dir pandas==$(grep pandas pyproject.toml | grep -Eo "[0-9\.]+") && \
-    poetry install --no-interaction --no-dev --no-ansi
+    python3 -m pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip
+COPY --from=iqtlabs/gamutrf-base:latest /usr/local /usr/local
+WORKDIR /gamutrf
+COPY poetry.lock pyproject.toml README.md /gamutrf/
+RUN poetry run pip install --no-cache-dir pandas=="$(grep pandas pyproject.toml | grep -Eo '[0-9\.]+')"
+# dependency install is cached for faster rebuild, if only gamutrf source changed.
+RUN poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi --no-dev --no-root
+COPY gamutrf gamutrf/
+COPY bin bin/
+COPY templates templates/
+RUN poetry install --no-interaction --no-ansi --no-dev
 
 # nosemgrep:github.workflows.config.dockerfile-source-not-pinned
 FROM ubuntu:22.04
-COPY --from=iqtlabs/gnuradio:3.10.8 /usr/share/uhd/images /usr/share/uhd/images
-COPY --from=installer /usr/local /usr/local
-COPY --from=installer /gamutrf /gamutrf
-COPY --from=installer /root/.local /root/.local
 LABEL maintainer="Charlie Lewis <clewis@iqt.org>"
 ENV DEBIAN_FRONTEND noninteractive
 ENV UHD_IMAGES_DIR /usr/share/uhd/images
@@ -81,6 +79,11 @@ RUN if [ "$(arch)" = "x86_64" ] ; then \
         wget \
         zstd && \
     apt-get -y -q clean && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
+COPY --from=iqtlabs/gnuradio:3.10.8 /usr/share/uhd/images /usr/share/uhd/images
+COPY --from=installer /usr/local /usr/local
+COPY --from=installer /gamutrf /gamutrf
+COPY --from=installer /root/.local /root/.local
+RUN ldconfig -v
 WORKDIR /gamutrf
 RUN echo "$(find /gamutrf/gamutrf -type f -name \*py -print)"|xargs grep -Eh "^(import|from)\s"|grep -Ev "gamutrf"|sort|uniq|python3
 RUN ldd /usr/local/bin/uhd_sample_recorder