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<!DOCTYPE html>
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<meta name="description" content="This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Oceanographic geographical features">
<meta name="keywords" content="INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Oceanographic geographical features">
<meta name="author" content="Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1">
<meta name="copyright" content="Public">
<title>D2.8.III.15 Data Specification on Oceanographic geographical features – Technical Guidelines</title>
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<div class="paragraph">
<p><span class="image"><img src="./media/image3.png" alt="image" width="93" height="93"></span> <strong>INSPIRE</strong> <strong>Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe</strong></p>
</div>
<h1 id="_d2_8_iii_15_data_specification_on_oceanographic_geographical_features_technical_guidelines" class="discrete">D2.8.III.15 Data Specification on <em>Oceanographic geographical features</em> – Technical Guidelines</h1>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 17%;">
<col style="width: 83%;">
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<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Title</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">D2.8.III.15 Data Specification on Oceanographic geographical features – Technical Guidelines</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Creator</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Temporary MIWP 2021-2024 sub-group 2.3.1</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Date of publication</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">2024-07-31</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Subject</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Oceanographic geographical features</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Publisher</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">INSPIRE Maintenance and Implementation Group (MIG)</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Type</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Text</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Description</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">This document describes the INSPIRE Data Specification for the spatial data theme Oceanographic geographical features</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Format</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">AsciiDoc</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Licence</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0">Creative Commons Attribution (cc-by) 4.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Rights</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Public</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Identifier</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://inspire.ec.europa.eu/id/document/tg/of">D2.8.III.15_v3.0.0</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Changelog</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><a href="https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.2" class="bare">https://github.com/INSPIRE-MIF/technical-guidelines/releases/tag/v2024.2</a></p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Language</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">en</p></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock"><strong>Relation</strong></p></td>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 March 2007 establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE)</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_foreword" class="discrete">Foreword</h2>
<h2 id="_how_to_read_the_document" class="discrete">How to read the document?</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document describes the <em>"INSPIRE data specification on Oceanographic geographical features – Technical Guidelines"</em> version 3.0 as developed by the Thematic Working Group (TWG) <em>OF-SR</em> using both natural and a conceptual schema language.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The data specification is based on a common template<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_1" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_1" title="View footnote.">1</a>]</sup> used for all data specifications, which has been harmonised using the experience from the development of the Annex I, II and III data specifications.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This document provides guidelines for the implementation of the provisions laid down in the Implementing Rule for spatial data sets and services of the INSPIRE Directive. It also includes additional requirements and recommendations that, although not included in the Implementing Rule, are relevant to guarantee or to increase data interoperability.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Two executive summaries provide a quick overview of the INSPIRE data specification process in general, and the content of the data specification on <em>Oceanographic geographical features</em> in particular. We highly recommend that managers, decision makers, and all those new to the INSPIRE process and/or information modelling should read these executive summaries first.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The UML diagrams (in Chapter 5) offer a rapid way to see the main elements of the specifications and their relationships. The definition of the spatial object types, attributes, and relationships are included in the Feature Catalogue (also in Chapter 5). People having thematic expertise but not familiar with UML can fully understand the content of the data model focusing on the Feature Catalogue. Users might also find the Feature Catalogue especially useful to check if it contains the data necessary for the applications that they run. The technical details are expected to be of prime interest to those organisations that are responsible for implementing INSPIRE within the field of <em>Oceanographic geographical features</em>, but also to other stakeholders and users of the spatial data infrastructure.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The technical provisions and the underlying concepts are often illustrated by examples. Smaller examples are within the text of the specification, while longer explanatory examples and descriptions of selected use cases are attached in the annexes.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to distinguish the INSPIRE spatial data themes from the spatial object types, the INSPIRE spatial data themes are written in <em>italics.</em></p>
</div>
<table class="tableblock frame-all grid-all stretch">
<colgroup>
<col style="width: 100%;">
</colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td class="tableblock halign-left valign-top"><p class="tableblock">The document will be publicly available as a 'non-paper'. It does not represent an official position of the European Commission, and as such cannot be invoked in the context of legal procedures.</p></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Legal Notice</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Neither the European Commission nor any person acting on behalf of the Commission is responsible for the use which might be made of this publication.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_interoperability_of_spatial_data_sets_and_services_general_executive_summary" class="discrete">Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services – General Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The challenges regarding the lack of availability, quality, organisation, accessibility, and sharing of spatial information are common to a large number of policies and activities and are experienced across the various levels of public authority in Europe. In order to solve these problems it is necessary to take measures of coordination between the users and providers of spatial information. The Directive 2007/2/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council adopted on 14 March 2007 aims at establishing an Infrastructure for Spatial Information in the European Community (INSPIRE) for environmental policies, or policies and activities that have an impact on the environment.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE is based on the infrastructures for spatial information that are created and maintained by the Member States. To support the establishment of a European infrastructure, Implementing Rules addressing the following components of the infrastructure have been specified: metadata, interoperability of spatial data sets (as described in Annexes I, II, III of the Directive) and spatial data services, network services, data and service sharing, and monitoring and reporting procedures.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>INSPIRE does not require collection of new data. However, after the period specified in the Directive<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_2" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_2" title="View footnote.">2</a>]</sup> Member States have to make their data available according to the Implementing Rules.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Interoperability in INSPIRE means the possibility to combine spatial data and services from different sources across the European Community in a consistent way without involving specific efforts of humans or machines. It is important to note that "interoperability" is understood as providing access to spatial data sets through network services, typically via Internet. Interoperability may be achieved by either changing (harmonising) and storing existing data sets or transforming them via services for publication in the INSPIRE infrastructure. It is expected that users will spend less time and efforts on understanding and integrating data when they build their applications based on data delivered in accordance with INSPIRE.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In order to benefit from the endeavours of international standardisation bodies and organisations established under international law their standards and technical means have been utilised and referenced, whenever possible.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>To facilitate the implementation of INSPIRE, it is important that all stakeholders have the opportunity to participate in specification and development. For this reason, the Commission has put in place a consensus building process involving data users, and providers together with representatives of industry, research and government. These stakeholders, organised through Spatial Data Interest Communities (SDIC) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMO)<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_3" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_3" title="View footnote.">3</a>]</sup>, have provided reference materials, participated in the user requirement and technical<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_4" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_4" title="View footnote.">4</a>]</sup> surveys, proposed experts for the Data Specification Drafting Team<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_5" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_5" title="View footnote.">5</a>]</sup>, the Thematic Working Groups<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_6" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_6" title="View footnote.">6</a>]</sup> and other ad-hoc cross-thematic technical groups and participated in the public stakeholder consultations on draft versions of the data specifications. These consultations covered expert reviews as well as feasibility and fitness-for-purpose testing of the data specifications<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_7" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_7" title="View footnote.">7</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>This open and participatory approach was successfully used during the development of the data specifications on Annex I, II and III data themes as well as during the preparation of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_8" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_8" title="View footnote.">8</a>]</sup> for Annex I spatial data themes and of its amendment regarding the themes of Annex II and III.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The development framework elaborated by the Data Specification Drafting Team aims at keeping the data specifications of the different themes coherent. It summarises the methodology to be used for the development of the data specifications, providing a coherent set of requirements and recommendations to achieve interoperability. The pillars of the framework are the following technical documents<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_9" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_9" title="View footnote.">9</a>]</sup>:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p>The <em>Definition of Annex Themes and Scope</em> describes in greater detail the spatial data themes defined in the Directive, and thus provides a sound starting point for the thematic aspects of the data specification development.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Generic Conceptual Model</em> defines the elements necessary for interoperability and data harmonisation including cross-theme issues. It specifies requirements and recommendations with regard to data specification elements of common use, like the spatial and temporal schema, unique identifier management, object referencing, some common code lists, etc. Those requirements of the Generic Conceptual Model that are directly implementable are included in the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Methodology for the Development of Data Specifications</em> defines a repeatable methodology. It describes how to arrive from user requirements to a data specification through a number of steps including use-case development, initial specification development and analysis of analogies and gaps for further specification refinement.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the Encoding of Spatial Data</em> defines how geographic information can be encoded to enable transfer processes between the systems of the data providers in the Member States. Even though it does not specify a mandatory encoding rule it sets GML (ISO 19136) as the default encoding for INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Guidelines for the use of Observations & Measurements and Sensor Web Enablement-related standards in INSPIRE Annex II and III data specification development</em> provides guidelines on how the "Observations and Measurements" standard (ISO 19156) is to be used within INSPIRE.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>The <em>Common data models</em> are a set of documents that specify data models that are referenced by a number of different data specifications. These documents include generic data models for networks, coverages and activity complexes.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The structure of the data specifications is based on the "ISO 19131 Geographic information - Data product specifications" standard. They include the technical documentation of the application schema, the spatial object types with their properties, and other specifics of the spatial data themes using natural language as well as a formal conceptual schema language<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_10" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_10" title="View footnote.">10</a>]</sup>.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>A consolidated model repository, feature concept dictionary, and glossary are being maintained to support the consistent specification development and potential further reuse of specification elements. The consolidated model consists of the harmonised models of the relevant standards from the ISO 19100 series, the INSPIRE Generic Conceptual Model, and the application schemas<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_11" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_11" title="View footnote.">11</a>]</sup> developed for each spatial data theme. The multilingual INSPIRE Feature Concept Dictionary contains the definition and description of the INSPIRE themes together with the definition of the spatial object types present in the specification. The INSPIRE Glossary defines all the terms (beyond the spatial object types) necessary for understanding the INSPIRE documentation including the terminology of other components (metadata, network services, data sharing, and monitoring).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>By listing a number of requirements and making the necessary recommendations, the data specifications enable full system interoperability across the Member States, within the scope of the application areas targeted by the Directive. The data specifications (in their version 3.0) are published as technical guidelines and provide the basis for the content of the Implementing Rule on Interoperability of Spatial Data Sets and Services<sup class="footnote">[<a id="_footnoteref_12" class="footnote" href="#_footnotedef_12" title="View footnote.">12</a>]</sup>. The content of the Implementing Rule is extracted from the data specifications, considering short- and medium-term feasibility as well as cost-benefit considerations. The requirements included in the Implementing Rule are legally binding for the Member States according to the timeline specified in the INSPIRE Directive.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>In addition to providing a basis for the interoperability of spatial data in INSPIRE, the data specification development framework and the thematic data specifications can be reused in other environments at local, regional, national and global level contributing to improvements in the coherence and interoperability of data in spatial data infrastructures.</p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_oceanographic_geographical_features_executive_summary" class="discrete">Oceanographic Geographical Features – Executive Summary</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The INSPIRE <em>Oceanographic Geographical Features</em> theme (abbreviated to "Ocean Features" or "OF") describes the physical and chemical characteristics of the sea i.e. properties such as 'sea surface temperature' or 'salinity'. For reporting purposes this type of information is typically presented as a set of point data, e.g. temperature observations from a fixed monitoring station, or as gridded data e.g. sea wave height observations from a satellite.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Besides point and gridded data, other more complex observations are extremely common in oceanography, such as vertical profiles through the ocean depths or trajectories along the ocean surface. While these types of observation are not likely to be used in a legislative reporting context they are key oceanographic data types therefore they are included in this specification on an informative basis.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The OF theme is closely related to the INSPIRE Sea Regions theme, which describes what describes what most people would refer to as "the sea" i.e. the actual water bodies. To further clarify the distinction between the OF and SR themes the following definition is used:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph text-right">
<p>"Sea Region is a defined area of common (physical) characteristics. An Ocean Feature represents the (physical or chemical) properties of the Sea Region. A Sea Region may have other properties that are not Ocean Features, for example bathymetry (Elevation theme) and properties of the sea bed. A Sea Region will typically be represented as a vector dataset whereas an Ocean Feature will be a grid dataset or other coverage type".</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>So an Oceanographic Geographical Feature will typically be used to describe some physical or chemical property of a Sea Region. E.g. "Mean wave height of the North Sea", where "North Sea" is a defined Sea Region feature type. Similarly, whereas a Sea Region defines the extent of the sea for a given tidal state (e.g. Mean High Water), the Oceanographic Geographical Feature would define the changes in tidal level over time, e.g. observations from a tide gauge.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Ocean Features theme employs the ISO 19156 Observations and Measurements standard for consistent encoding of observation-related metadata.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>There are three other INSPIRE themes that are particularly important in their relationships to Oceanographic Geographic Features and these are:</p>
</div>
<div class="ulist">
<ul>
<li>
<p><em>Sea Regions (SR):</em> Oceanographic Geographic Features always contain information about a Sea Region, or some part of a Sea Region.</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Environmental Monitoring Facilities (EF):</em> The process used to derive Oceanographic Geographical Features will involve one or more Environmental Monitoring Facilities (e.g. a ship).</p>
</li>
<li>
<p><em>Atmospheric Conditions and Meteorological Geographical Features (AC-MF):</em> On a data level there is a great deal of similarity between measurements made in the seas and oceans and measurements made in the atmosphere so the OF and AC-MF data models have been harmonised as far as possible. Both are based on the same underlying Observations & Measurements model.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><em>Note: It is recommended that this specification is read in conjunction with document D2.9 INSPIRE Observations & Measurements Guidelines, which contains many details of the underlying model used in Oceanographic Geographical Features.</em></p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h2 id="_acknowledgements" class="discrete">Acknowledgements</h2>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Many individuals and organisations have contributed to the development of these Guidelines.</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>The Thematic Working Group Oceanographic geographical features and Sea regions (TWG OF-SR) included:</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Keiran Millard (TWG Facilitator), Dominic Lowe (TWG Editor), Hans Mose Jensen, Marc Roesbeke, Carlo Brandini, Nuria Hermida, Maria Olvido Tello, Alessandro Sarretta (European Commission contact point till May 2012), Tomáš Řezník (European Commission contact point from May till August 2012), Michael Lutz (European Commission contact point from August 2012), Vlado Cetl (European Commission contact point from August 2012).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Other contributors to the INSPIRE data specifications are the Drafting Team Data Specifications, the JRC Data Specifications Team and the INSPIRE stakeholders - Spatial Data Interested Communities (SDICs) and Legally Mandated Organisations (LMOs).</p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><strong>Contact information</strong></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p>Maria Vanda Nunes de Lima<br>
European Commission Joint Research Centre<br>
Institute for Environment and Sustainability<br>
Unit H06: Digital Earth and Reference Data<br>
TP262, Via Fermi 2749<br>
I-21027 Ispra (VA)<br>
ITALY<br>
E-mail: <a href="mailto:[email protected]">[email protected]</a><br>
Tel.: 39-0332-7865052<br>
Fax: 39-0332-7866325<br>
<a href="http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://ies.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a><br>
<a href="http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/" class="bare">http://ec.europa.eu/dgs/jrc/</a></p>
</div>
<div class="paragraph">
<p><a href="http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/" class="bare">http://inspire.jrc.ec.europa.eu/</a></p>
</div>
<div style="page-break-after: always;"></div>
<h1 id="_table_of_contents" class="discrete">Table of Contents</h1>
<div id="toc" class="toc">
<div id="toctitle" class="title"></div>
<ul class="sectlevel1">
<li><a href="#_scope">1. Scope</a></li>
<li><a href="#_overview">2. Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_name">2.1. Name</a></li>
<li><a href="#_informal_description">2.2. Informal description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_normative_references">2.3. Normative References</a></li>
<li><a href="#_terms_and_definitions">2.4. Terms and definitions</a></li>
<li><a href="#_symbols_and_abbreviations">2.5. Symbols and abbreviations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_how_the_technical_guidelines_map_to_the_implementing_rules">2.6. How the Technical Guidelines map to the Implementing Rules</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_requirements">2.6.1. Requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendations">2.6.2. Recommendations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_conformance">2.6.3. Conformance</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_specification_scopes">3. Specification scopes</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identification_information">4. Identification information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_content_and_structure">5. Data content and structure</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_overview">5.1. Application schemas – Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_application_schemas_included_in_the_irs">5.1.1. Application schemas included in the IRs</a></li>
<li><a href="#_additional_recommended_application_schemas">5.1.2. Additional recommended application schemas</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_basic_notions">5.2. Basic notions</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_notation">5.2.1. Notation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_unified_modeling_language_uml">5.2.1.1. Unified Modeling Language (UML)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_stereotypes">5.2.1.2. Stereotypes</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_voidable_characteristics">5.2.2. Voidable characteristics</a></li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists">5.2.3. Code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_code_list_types">5.2.3.1. Code list types</a></li>
<li><a href="#_obligations_on_data_providers">5.2.3.2. Obligations on data providers</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_code_list_values">5.2.3.3. Recommended code list values</a></li>
<li><a href="#_governance">5.2.3.4. Governance</a></li>
<li><a href="#_vocabulary">5.2.3.5. Vocabulary</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_identifier_management">5.2.4. Identifier management</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation">5.2.5. Geometry representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporality_representation">5.2.6. Temporality representation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_validity_of_the_real_world_phenomena">5.2.6.1. Validity of the real-world phenomena</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_coverages">5.2.7. Coverages</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">5.3. Application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_description">5.3.1. Description</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_narrative_description">5.3.1.1. Narrative description</a></li>
<li><a href="#_uml_overview">5.3.1.2. UML Overview</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="#_specialised_observations_as_used_in_of_overview">5.3.1.2.1. Specialised Observations, as used in OF; Overview</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pointobservation_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.2. PointObservation (From Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_pointtimeseriesobservation_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.3. PointTimeSeriesObservation (From Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_multipointobservation_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.4. MultiPointObservation (From Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_gridobservation_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.5. GridObservation (From Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_gridseriesobservation_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.6. GridSeriesObservation (From Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_profileobservation_informative_in_of_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.7. ProfileObservation (Informative in OF, from Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_trajectoryobservationinformative_in_of_from_generic_conceptual_model">5.3.1.2.8. TrajectoryObservation(Informative in OF, from Generic Conceptual Model)</a></li>
<li><a href="#_observationset_pointobservationcollection">5.3.1.2.9. ObservationSet, PointObservationCollection</a></li>
<li><a href="#_process">5.3.1.2.10. Process</a></li>
<li><a href="#_references_to_environmental_monitoring_features">5.3.1.2.11. References to Environmental Monitoring Features.</a></li>
<li><a href="#_observed_properties_and_of_vocabularies">5.3.1.2.12. Observed properties and OF Vocabularies.</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_consistency_between_spatial_data_sets">5.3.1.3. Consistency between spatial data sets</a></li>
<li><a href="#_modelling_of_object_references">5.3.1.4. Modelling of object references</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation_2">5.3.1.5. Geometry representation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporality_representation_2">5.3.1.6. Temporality representation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_feature_catalogue">5.3.2. Feature catalogue</a></li>
<li><a href="#_code_lists_2">5.3.3. Code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_bodc_p01parameterusagevalue">5.3.3.1. BODC_P01ParameterUsageValue</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_externally_governed_code_lists">5.3.4. Externally governed code lists</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_governance_and_authoritative_source">5.3.4.1. Governance and authoritative source</a></li>
<li><a href="#_availability">5.3.4.2. Availability</a></li>
<li><a href="#_rules_for_code_list_values">5.3.4.3. Rules for code list values</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grids">6. Reference systems, units of measure and grids</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_default_reference_systems_units_of_measure_and_grid">6.1. Default reference systems, units of measure and grid</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1. Coordinate reference systems</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_datum">6.1.1.1. Datum</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_systems_2">6.1.1.2. Coordinate reference systems</a></li>
<li><a href="#_display">6.1.1.3. Display</a></li>
<li><a href="#_identifiers_for_coordinate_reference_systems">6.1.1.4. Identifiers for coordinate reference systems</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system">6.1.2. Temporal reference system</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measure">6.1.3. Units of measure</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grids">6.1.4. Grids</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_theme_specific_requirements_and_recommendations">6.2. Theme-specific requirements and recommendations</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_grids_2">6.2.1. Grids</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality">7. Data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_data_quality_elements">7.1. Data quality elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_completeness_omission">7.1.1. Completeness – Omission</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_conceptual_consistency">7.1.2. Logical consistency – Conceptual consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_logical_consistency_domain_consistency">7.1.3. Logical consistency – Domain consistency</a></li>
<li><a href="#_positional_accuracy_absolute_or_external_accuracy">7.1.4. Positional accuracy – Absolute or external accuracy</a></li>
<li><a href="#_usability">7.1.5. Usability</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_minimum_data_quality_requirements">7.2. Minimum data quality requirements</a></li>
<li><a href="#_recommendation_on_data_quality">7.3. Recommendation on data quality</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_dataset_level_metadata">8. Dataset-level metadata</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_defined_in_inspire_metadata_regulation">8.1. Metadata elements defined in INSPIRE Metadata Regulation</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_conformity">8.1.1. Conformity</a></li>
<li><a href="#_lineage">8.1.2. Lineage</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference">8.1.3. Temporal reference</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_interoperability">8.2. Metadata elements for interoperability</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system">8.2.1. Coordinate Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_2">8.2.2. Temporal Reference System</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding">8.2.3. Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_character_encoding">8.2.4. Character Encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_representation_type">8.2.5. Spatial representation type</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_quality_logical_consistency_topological_consistency">8.2.6. Data Quality – Logical Consistency – Topological Consistency</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_theme_specific_metadata_elements">8.3. Recommended theme-specific metadata elements</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_maintenance_information">8.3.1. Maintenance Information</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_elements_for_reporting_data_quality">8.3.2. Metadata elements for reporting data quality</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_guidelines_for_reporting_quantitative_results_of_the_data_quality_evaluation">8.3.2.1. Guidelines for reporting quantitative results of the data quality evaluation</a></li>
<li><a href="#_guidelines_for_reporting_descriptive_results_of_the_data_quality_evaluation">8.3.2.2. Guidelines for reporting descriptive results of the Data Quality evaluation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_delivery">9. Delivery</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_updates">9.1. Updates</a></li>
<li><a href="#_delivery_medium">9.2. Delivery medium</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encodings">9.3. Encodings</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_default_encodings">9.3.1. Default Encoding(s)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_specific_requirements_for_gml_encoding">9.3.1.1. Specific requirements for GML encoding</a></li>
<li><a href="#_default_encodings_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.1.2. Default encoding(s) for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a>
<ul class="sectlevel5">
<li><a href="#_encoding_rules_used">9.3.1.2.1. Encoding rules used</a></li>
<li><a href="#_specific_mappings_from_uml_classes_to_gmlxml_schema_types_and_elements">9.3.1.2.2. Specific mappings from UML classes to GML/XML Schema types and elements</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_recommended_encodings">9.3.2. Recommended Encoding(s)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel4">
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_netcdf_4_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.2.1. Alternative encoding NetCDF 4 for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_hdf_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.2.2. Alternative encoding HDF for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_hdf_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features_2">9.3.2.3. Alternative encoding HDF for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_odv_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.2.4. Alternative encoding ODV for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_grib_1_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.2.5. Alternative encoding Grib 1 for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
<li><a href="#_alternative_encoding_grib_2_for_application_schema_oceanographic_geographical_features">9.3.2.6. Alternative encoding Grib 2 for application schema Oceanographic Geographical Features</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_capture">10. Data Capture</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_phenomena_and_data_collection_method">10.1. Phenomena and Data Collection Method</a></li>
<li><a href="#_data_transformations">10.2. Data transformations</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_and_temporal_range_of_a_data_set">10.3. Spatial and Temporal Range of a Data set</a></li>
<li><a href="#_spatial_and_temporal_resolution_of_a_data_set">10.4. Spatial and Temporal Resolution of a Data set</a></li>
<li><a href="#_aggregation_levels">10.5. Aggregation Levels</a></li>
<li><a href="#_numerically_generated_data">10.6. Numerically Generated Data</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal">11. Portrayal</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_layers_to_be_provided_by_inspire_view_services">11.1. Layers to be provided by INSPIRE view services</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layers_organisation">11.1.1. Layers organisation</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_styles_required_to_be_supported_by_inspire_view_services">11.2. Styles required to be supported by INSPIRE view services</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_bibliography">Bibliography</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_test_suite_normative">Annex A: Abstract Test Suite - (normative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_application_schema_conformance_class">A.1. Application Schema Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_schema_element_denomination_test">A.1.1. Schema element denomination test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_type_test">A.1.2. Value type test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_value_test">A.1.3. Value test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_attributesassociations_completeness_test">A.1.4. Attributes/associations completeness test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_abstract_spatial_object_test">A.1.5. Abstract spatial object test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_constraints_test">A.1.6. Constraints test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_geometry_representation_test">A.1.7. Geometry representation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_specialised_observations_types_test">A.1.8. Specialised Observations types test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_reference_systems_conformance_class">A.2. Reference Systems Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_datum_test">A.2.1. Datum test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.2. Coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_test">A.2.3. Grid test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_view_service_coordinate_reference_system_test">A.2.4. View service coordinate reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_temporal_reference_system_test">A.2.5. Temporal reference system test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_units_of_measurements_test">A.2.6. Units of measurements test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_consistency_conformance_class">A.3. Data Consistency Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_unique_identifier_persistency_test">A.3.1. Unique identifier persistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_version_consistency_test">A.3.2. Version consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_life_cycle_time_sequence_test">A.3.3. Life cycle time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_validity_time_sequence_test">A.3.4. Validity time sequence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_update_frequency_test">A.3.5. Update frequency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_om_observation_identifier_test">A.3.6. OM_Observation identifier test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_ir_conformance_class">A.4. Metadata IR Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_metadata_for_interoperability_test">A.4.1. Metadata for interoperability test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_information_accessibility_conformance_class">A.5. Information Accessibility Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_code_list_publication_test">A.5.1. Code list publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_publication_test">A.5.2. CRS publication test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_identification_test">A.5.3. CRS identification test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_grid_identification_test">A.5.4. Grid identification test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_data_delivery_conformance_class">A.6. Data Delivery Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_encoding_compliance_test">A.6.1. Encoding compliance test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_portrayal_conformance_class">A.7. Portrayal Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_layer_designation_test">A.7.1. Layer designation test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_technical_guideline_conformance_class">A.8. Technical Guideline Conformance Class</a>
<ul class="sectlevel3">
<li><a href="#_multiplicity_test">A.8.1. Multiplicity test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_crs_http_uri_test">A.8.2. CRS http URI test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.3. Metadata encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_occurrence_test">A.8.4. Metadata occurrence test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_metadata_consistency_test">A.8.5. Metadata consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_encoding_schema_validation_test">A.8.6. Encoding schema validation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coverage_multipart_representation_test">A.8.7. Coverage multipart representation test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coverage_domain_consistency_test">A.8.8. Coverage domain consistency test</a></li>
<li><a href="#_style_test">A.8.9. Style test</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_use_cases_informative">Annex B: Use cases - (informative)</a>
<ul class="sectlevel2">
<li><a href="#_measuring_salinity_for_water_quality_purposes">B.1. Measuring Salinity for Water Quality Purposes.</a></li>
<li><a href="#_coastal_flood_hazard_map">B.2. Coastal Flood Hazard Map</a></li>
<li><a href="#_water_quality_reporting_based_on_satellite_data">B.3. Water quality reporting based on satellite data</a></li>
<li><a href="#_comparing_numerical_model_predictions_forecasts_with_actual_observations">B.4. Comparing numerical model predictions (forecasts) with actual observations</a></li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><a href="#_code_list_values_normative">Annex C: Code list values - (normative)</a></li>
</ul>
</div>