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Entoprocta.html
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<meta name="author" content="Antranig Basman, Charlie Gibbs, Donna Gibbs, Elaine Humphrey, Andy Lamb, Andrew Simon" />
<title>Entoprocta</title>
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<h1 class="title toc-ignore">Entoprocta</h1>
<h4 class="author">Antranig Basman, Charlie Gibbs, Donna Gibbs, Elaine
Humphrey, Andy Lamb, Andrew Simon</h4>
<h4 class="date">May 18th, 2023</h4>
</div>
<div id="galiano-islands-nodding-head-diversity" class="section level2">
<h2>Galiano Island’s nodding head diversity</h2>
<p><em>‘Entoprocta’ derives from the Greek ἐντός (entos), meaning
“inside”, and πρωκτός (prōktos), meaning “anus.”</em></p>
<p>Entoprocta (nodding-heads) are a small phylum of mainly sessile
marine invertebrates that comprises 253 described species worldwide. The
phylum was traditionally divided into two orders: the Solitaria and
Coloniales. Solitaria included solitary species that usually attach to
larger organisms which produce feeding currents, such as sponges,
bryozoans, polychaetes, sipunculans and ascidians, and are typically
associated with just one or a few host species. Coloniales, by contrast,
included colonial species that form crusts on various surfaces. However,
the traditional system is no longer followed; instead four families are
now recognised. Of the 11 species known to British Columbia, one species
is reported for Galiano Island: <em>Barentsia</em> sp..</p>
<div class="figure">
<img src="Entoprocta_files/media/Barentsia_sp_Bernard_Hanby.jpg" alt="" />
<p class="caption"><em>Barentsia</em> sp. – Photograph by Bernard
Hanby</p>
</div>
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<div id="community-science-contributions" class="section level2">
<h2>Community science contributions</h2>
<p>Since the Biodiversity Galiano project began in 2016, our community
has not yet documented <em>Barentsia</em> sp., the only entoproct known
to occur around Galiano Island, though this species has been observed
historically through the Pacific Marine Life Surveys.</p>
<p>Entoprocts are filter feeders, trapping small particles in the mucus
secreted by their tentacles. An understudied group, they are easily
overlooked because of their diminutive size (< 1 mm) and the
superficial similarities they share with the Cnidaria and Bryozoa. With
further search effort, others are likely to be detected locally.</p>
<p>The body plan of entoprocts consists of a cup-like calyx that bears a
ring of ciliated tentacles called the lophophore, which is attached on
its dorsal surface to the substrate by a long, thin stalk or pedicel.
Entoprocta have their anus inside their ring of tentacles, while
bryozoans (formally known as the Ectoprocta), have their anus outside of
their ring of tentacles.</p>
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<div id="sources" class="section level2">
<h2>Sources</h2>
<p><a href="https://bdj.pensoft.net/article/76050/">Simon, A. D.,
Adamczyk, E. M., Basman, A., Chu, J. W., Gartner, H. N., Fletcher, K., …
& Starzomski, B. M. (2022). Toward an atlas of Salish Sea
biodiversity: the flora and fauna of Galiano Island, British Columbia,
Canada. Part I. Marine zoology. Biodiversity Data Journal, 10.</a></p>
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