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ntpeconv.c
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ntpeconv.c
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/*
* PROJECT: PE Converter for NT PDK v1.196 (September 1991) and PDK October 1991
* LICENSE: GPL-2.0+ (https://spdx.org/licenses/GPL-2.0+)
* PURPOSE: Converts old-style PE format to newer format
* that can be recognized by modern tools.
* COPYRIGHT: Copyright 2021-2022 Hermès Bélusca-Maïto
*/
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS
#include <stdio.h>
// #include <stdlib.h> // For _countof() -- TODO: Make it compiler-independent.
#include <locale.h> // For setlocale().
// #include <io.h>
//#include <fcntl.h>
#include <ctype.h> // For isprint()
#include <string.h>
/* NT types and PE definitions */
#include "typedefs.h"
#include "pecoff.h"
#include "nt196pe.h"
#include "ntpeconv.h"
#include "pehlp.h"
/* Supplemental types */
typedef char bool;
#define false 0
#define true 1
// #define NULL ((void*)0)
// /* Standard page size for i386 */
// #define PAGE_SIZE 0x1000
// #ifdef _PPC_
#define SWAPD(x) ((((x)&0xff)<<24)|(((x)&0xff00)<<8)|(((x)>>8)&0xff00)|(((x)>>24)&0xff))
#define SWAPW(x) ((((x)&0xff)<<8)|(((x)>>8)&0xff))
#define SWAPQ(x) ((SWAPD((x)&0xffffffff) << 32) | (SWAPD((x)>>32)))
// #else
// #define SWAPD(x) (x)
// #define SWAPW(x) (x)
// #define SWAPQ(x) (x)
// #endif
/* For the PrintErrorReason() macro */
PCSTR Errors[ErrorTypeMax + 1] =
{
"Not a valid PE image!",
"Malformed PE image!",
"Unsupported PE image!",
"Unknown"
};
#define _VAR_AS_PUCHAR(var) ((PUCHAR)&(var))
#define PRINT_BYTE_CHAR(b) (isprint(b) ? (b) : '.')
#define PRINT_VAR_CHAR(var, i) PRINT_BYTE_CHAR(_VAR_AS_PUCHAR(var)[i])
/**
* @brief Copies a source file into a destination file.
* Handles to both files should already be opened.
**/
//
// TODO: Implement the portability fixes indicated in
// https://wiki.sei.cmu.edu/confluence/display/c/FIO19-C.+Do+not+use+fseek%28%29+and+ftell%28%29+to+compute+the+size+of+a+regular+file
//
static BOOLEAN
CopyFile(
IN FILE* pSourceFile,
IN size_t nFileSize OPTIONAL,
IN FILE* pDestFile)
{
BOOLEAN bSuccess = FALSE;
struct
{
UCHAR Static[1024];
PVOID Local;
size_t Size;
} Buffer;
size_t CopySize;
/* Retrieve the actual file size if it was zero */
if (nFileSize == 0)
{
fseek(pSourceFile, 0, SEEK_END);
nFileSize = ftell(pSourceFile);
rewind(pSourceFile);
}
/* If the file size is still zero, there is nothing to copy,
* just set the destination file to zero and we are done. */
if (nFileSize == 0)
{
fseek(pDestFile, 0, SEEK_SET);
fflush(pDestFile);
freopen(NULL, "wb+", pDestFile);
return TRUE;
}
if (nFileSize <= sizeof(Buffer.Static))
{
/* Use the static buffer */
Buffer.Local = Buffer.Static;
Buffer.Size = nFileSize;
}
else
{
/* Allocate buffers */
Buffer.Local = malloc(nFileSize);
if (Buffer.Local)
{
Buffer.Size = nFileSize;
}
else
{
/* We failed a large allocation, fall back to using the static buffer */
Buffer.Local = Buffer.Static;
Buffer.Size = sizeof(Buffer.Static);
}
}
/* Copy by chunks */
fseek(pSourceFile, 0, SEEK_SET);
fseek(pDestFile, 0, SEEK_SET);
while (nFileSize > 0)
{
CopySize = min(nFileSize, Buffer.Size);
if (!fread(Buffer.Local, CopySize, 1, pSourceFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)CopySize);
goto Quit;
}
if (!fwrite(Buffer.Local, CopySize, 1, pDestFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to write %lu bytes to destination file\n", (ULONG)CopySize);
goto Quit;
}
nFileSize -= min(nFileSize, Buffer.Size);
}
fflush(pDestFile);
bSuccess = TRUE;
Quit:
if (Buffer.Local && (Buffer.Local != Buffer.Static))
free(Buffer.Local);
return bSuccess;
}
/**
* @brief Dumps the DOS header of a PE image.
**/
static VOID
DumpDOSHeader(
IN const IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* DosHeader)
{
printf("IMAGE_DOS_HEADER\n"
"================\n"
" e_magic = 0x%04X '%c%c'\n"
" e_cblp = 0x%04X\n"
" e_cp = 0x%04X\n"
" e_crlc = 0x%04X\n"
" e_cparhdr = 0x%04X\n"
" e_minalloc = 0x%04X\n"
" e_maxalloc = 0x%04X\n"
" e_ss = 0x%04X\n"
" e_sp = 0x%04X\n"
" e_csum = 0x%04X\n"
" e_ip = 0x%04X\n"
" e_cs = 0x%04X\n"
" e_lfarlc = 0x%04X\n"
" e_ovno = 0x%04X\n"
" e_res[4] = { 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X }\n"
" e_oemid = 0x%04X\n"
" e_oeminfo = 0x%04X\n"
" e_res2[10] = { 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X,\n"
" 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X, 0x%04X }\n"
" e_lfanew = 0x%04X\n"
"\n",
DosHeader->e_magic,
PRINT_VAR_CHAR(DosHeader->e_magic, 0), PRINT_VAR_CHAR(DosHeader->e_magic, 1),
DosHeader->e_cblp,
DosHeader->e_cp,
DosHeader->e_crlc,
DosHeader->e_cparhdr,
DosHeader->e_minalloc,
DosHeader->e_maxalloc,
DosHeader->e_ss,
DosHeader->e_sp,
DosHeader->e_csum,
DosHeader->e_ip,
DosHeader->e_cs,
DosHeader->e_lfarlc,
DosHeader->e_ovno,
DosHeader->e_res[0], DosHeader->e_res[1], DosHeader->e_res[2], DosHeader->e_res[3],
DosHeader->e_oemid,
DosHeader->e_oeminfo,
DosHeader->e_res2[0], DosHeader->e_res2[1], DosHeader->e_res2[2], DosHeader->e_res2[3], DosHeader->e_res2[4],
DosHeader->e_res2[5], DosHeader->e_res2[6], DosHeader->e_res2[7], DosHeader->e_res2[8], DosHeader->e_res2[9],
DosHeader->e_lfanew);
}
/**
* @brief Dumps the data directory of a COFF or an old-PE image.
* By chance, the older IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY structure is identical
* to the newer IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY one, including the size and the
* order of its members, so we can use the same function to dump both.
* Adjustment of member names is controlled with the 'bOldPE' parameter.
**/
static VOID
DumpCOFFDataDirectory(
IN const IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY* DataDirectory,
IN ULONG NumberOfDirectories,
IN BOOLEAN bOldPE,
IN int PrintIndent)
{
C_ASSERT(RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory) == IMAGE_NUMBEROF_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES);
C_ASSERT(RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, DataDirectory) == IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES);
static PCSTR IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY_NAMES[
max(IMAGE_NUMBEROF_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES,
IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES)] =
{
/* COFF/Old/New-PE Directories */
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXPORT",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IMPORT",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_RESOURCE",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_EXCEPTION",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_SECURITY",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BASERELOC",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DEBUG",
/* New-PE Directories only */
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COPYRIGHT", // (x86-specific), otherwise: "IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_ARCHITECTURE"
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_GLOBALPTR",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_TLS",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_LOAD_CONFIG",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_BOUND_IMPORT",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_IAT",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_DELAY_IMPORT",
"IMAGE_DIRECTORY_ENTRY_COM_DESCRIPTOR",
/* Not defined */
"\"n/a\"",
};
ULONG MaxNumberOfDirectories;
ULONG i;
if (bOldPE)
MaxNumberOfDirectories = IMAGE_NUMBEROF_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES;
else
MaxNumberOfDirectories = IMAGE_NUMBEROF_DIRECTORY_ENTRIES;
/* Verify that the handled number of special data directories is valid */
if (NumberOfDirectories > MaxNumberOfDirectories)
{
PrintWarning("Invalid number of special data directories %lu; expected <= %lu\n",
NumberOfDirectories, MaxNumberOfDirectories);
NumberOfDirectories = MaxNumberOfDirectories;
}
for (i = 0; i < NumberOfDirectories; ++i)
{
printf("%*sDataDirectory[%s] =\n"
"%*s { %s: 0x%08X , Size: 0x%08X }\n",
PrintIndent, "", // Indentation
IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY_NAMES[i],
PrintIndent, "", // Indentation
(bOldPE ? "RVA" : "VirtualAddress"),
DataDirectory[i].VirtualAddress,
DataDirectory[i].Size);
}
printf("\n");
}
/**
* @brief Dumps the COFF headers of a COFF image.
**/
static VOID
DumpCOFFImage(
IN const IMAGE_FILE_HEADER* FileHeader)
{
PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptHeader = NULL;
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER ObjTable = NULL; // SectionTable
ULONG i;
/* Get a pointer to the optional header; the ObjectTableRVA has been already
* adjusted so that it systematically points just after the structure. */
if (FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader)
{
OptHeader = (PVOID)(FileHeader + 1);
}
/* In the COFF format, it is understood that, as soon as NumberOfSections
* is non zero, there is an object/section table that is present just
* after the optional header. */
if (FileHeader->NumberOfSections)
{
// SectionTable
ObjTable = RVA(FileHeader + 1, FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader);
}
printf("IMAGE_FILE_HEADER\n"
"=================\n"
" Machine = 0x%04X\n"
" NumberOfSections = 0x%04X\n"
" TimeDateStamp = 0x%08X\n"
" PointerToSymbolTable = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfSymbols = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfOptionalHeader = 0x%04X\n"
" Characteristics = 0x%04X\n"
"\n",
FileHeader->Machine,
FileHeader->NumberOfSections,
FileHeader->TimeDateStamp,
FileHeader->PointerToSymbolTable,
FileHeader->NumberOfSymbols,
FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader,
FileHeader->Characteristics);
if (OptHeader)
{
printf("IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32\n"
"=======================\n"
" Magic = 0x%04X\n"
" MajorLinkerVersion = 0x%02X\n"
" MinorLinkerVersion = 0x%02X\n"
" SizeOfCode = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfInitializedData = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfUninitializedData = 0x%08X\n"
" AddressOfEntryPoint = 0x%08X\n"
" BaseOfCode = 0x%08X\n"
" BaseOfData = 0x%08X\n"
" ImageBase = 0x%08X\n"
" SectionAlignment = 0x%08X\n"
" FileAlignment = 0x%08X\n"
" MajorOperatingSystemVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" MinorOperatingSystemVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" MajorImageVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" MinorImageVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" MajorSubsystemVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" MinorSubsystemVersion = 0x%04X\n"
" Win32VersionValue = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfImage = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfHeaders = 0x%08X\n"
" CheckSum = 0x%08X\n"
" Subsystem = 0x%04X\n"
" DllCharacteristics = 0x%04X\n"
" SizeOfStackReserve = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfStackCommit = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfHeapReserve = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfHeapCommit = 0x%08X\n"
" LoaderFlags = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfRvaAndSizes = 0x%08X\n"
"\n",
OptHeader->Magic,
OptHeader->MajorLinkerVersion,
OptHeader->MinorLinkerVersion,
OptHeader->SizeOfCode,
OptHeader->SizeOfInitializedData,
OptHeader->SizeOfUninitializedData,
OptHeader->AddressOfEntryPoint,
OptHeader->BaseOfCode,
OptHeader->BaseOfData,
OptHeader->ImageBase,
OptHeader->SectionAlignment,
OptHeader->FileAlignment,
OptHeader->MajorOperatingSystemVersion,
OptHeader->MinorOperatingSystemVersion,
OptHeader->MajorImageVersion,
OptHeader->MinorImageVersion,
OptHeader->MajorSubsystemVersion,
OptHeader->MinorSubsystemVersion,
OptHeader->Win32VersionValue,
OptHeader->SizeOfImage,
OptHeader->SizeOfHeaders,
OptHeader->CheckSum,
OptHeader->Subsystem,
OptHeader->DllCharacteristics,
OptHeader->SizeOfStackReserve,
OptHeader->SizeOfStackCommit,
OptHeader->SizeOfHeapReserve,
OptHeader->SizeOfHeapCommit,
OptHeader->LoaderFlags,
OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes);
DumpCOFFDataDirectory(OptHeader->DataDirectory,
OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes,
FALSE,
4);
}
if (ObjTable)
{
printf("Sections:\n"
"=========\n");
for (i = 0; i < FileHeader->NumberOfSections; ++i)
{
printf("[%lu] -->\n"
" Name = '%.*s'\n"
" Misc.VirtualSize = 0x%08X\n"
" VirtualAddress = 0x%08X\n"
" SizeOfRawData = 0x%08X\n"
" PointerToRawData = 0x%08X\n"
" PointerToRelocations = 0x%08X\n"
" PointerToLinenumbers = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfRelocations = 0x%04X\n"
" NumberOfLinenumbers = 0x%04X\n"
" Characteristics = 0x%08X\n",
i,
(ULONG)RTL_NUMBER_OF(ObjTable[i].Name), ObjTable[i].Name,
ObjTable[i].Misc.VirtualSize,
ObjTable[i].VirtualAddress,
ObjTable[i].SizeOfRawData,
ObjTable[i].PointerToRawData,
ObjTable[i].PointerToRelocations,
ObjTable[i].PointerToLinenumbers,
ObjTable[i].NumberOfRelocations,
ObjTable[i].NumberOfLinenumbers,
ObjTable[i].Characteristics);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
/**
* @brief Dumps the DOS and old-style PE headers of a PE image.
**/
static VOID
DumpOldPEImage(
IN const DOS_IMAGE_HEADER* DosHeader,
IN const IMAGE_HEADER* NtHeader)
{
PIMAGE_OBJECT_HEADER ObjTable = NULL;
ULONG i;
/* Get a pointer to the object table; the ObjectTableRVA has been already
* adjusted so that it systematically points just after the structure. */
if (NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA)
{
ASSERT(NtHeader->NumberOfObjects);
ObjTable = RVA(NtHeader, NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA);
}
DumpDOSHeader(DosHeader);
printf("IMAGE_HEADER\n"
"============\n"
" SignatureBytes = 0x%08X '%c%c%c%c'\n"
"\n"
" Endian = 0x%02X\n"
" Reserved1 = 0x%02X\n"
"\n"
" CPUType = 0x%04X\n"
" OSType = 0x%04X\n"
" SubSystem = 0x%04X\n"
" OSMajor = 0x%04X\n"
" OSMinor = 0x%04X\n"
" LinkerMajor = 0x%04X\n"
" LinkerMinor = 0x%04X\n"
" UserMajor = 0x%04X\n"
" UserMinor = 0x%04X\n"
"\n"
" ModuleFlags = 0x%08X\n"
" Reserved2 = 0x%08X\n"
" FileCheckSum = 0x%08X\n"
" EntryPointRVA = 0x%08X\n"
" ImageBase = 0x%08X\n"
" ImageSize = 0x%08X\n"
" HeaderSize = 0x%08X\n"
" FileAlign = 0x%08X\n"
" PageSize = 0x%08X\n"
" TimeStamp = 0x%08X\n"
" StackReserve = 0x%08X\n"
" StackCommit = 0x%08X\n"
" HeapReserve = 0x%08X\n"
" HeapCommit = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfObjects = 0x%08X\n"
" ObjectTableRVA = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfDirectives = 0x%08X\n"
" DirectiveTableRVA = 0x%08X\n"
" Reserved3 = 0x%08X\n"
" Reserved4 = 0x%08X\n"
" Reserved5 = 0x%08X\n"
" NumberOfSpecialRVAs = 0x%08X\n"
"\n",
NtHeader->SignatureBytes,
PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeader->SignatureBytes, 0), PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeader->SignatureBytes, 1),
PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeader->SignatureBytes, 2), PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeader->SignatureBytes, 3),
NtHeader->Endian,
NtHeader->Reserved1,
NtHeader->CPUType,
NtHeader->OSType,
NtHeader->SubSystem,
NtHeader->OSMajor,
NtHeader->OSMinor,
NtHeader->LinkerMajor,
NtHeader->LinkerMinor,
NtHeader->UserMajor,
NtHeader->UserMinor,
NtHeader->ModuleFlags,
NtHeader->Reserved2,
NtHeader->FileCheckSum,
NtHeader->EntryPointRVA,
NtHeader->ImageBase,
NtHeader->ImageSize,
NtHeader->HeaderSize,
NtHeader->FileAlign,
NtHeader->PageSize,
NtHeader->TimeStamp,
NtHeader->StackReserve,
NtHeader->StackCommit,
NtHeader->HeapReserve,
NtHeader->HeapCommit,
NtHeader->NumberOfObjects,
NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA,
NtHeader->NumberOfDirectives,
NtHeader->DirectiveTableRVA,
NtHeader->Reserved3,
NtHeader->Reserved4,
NtHeader->Reserved5,
NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs);
DumpCOFFDataDirectory((PIMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY)NtHeader->DataDirectory,
NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs,
TRUE,
4);
if (ObjTable)
{
printf("Sections:\n"
"=========\n");
for (i = 0; i < NtHeader->NumberOfObjects; ++i)
{
printf("[%lu] -->\n"
" RVA = 0x%08X\n"
" VirtualSize = 0x%08X\n"
" SeekOffset = 0x%08X\n"
" OnDiskSize = 0x%08X\n"
" ObjectFlags = 0x%08X\n"
" Reserved = 0x%08X\n",
i,
ObjTable[i].RVA,
ObjTable[i].VirtualSize,
ObjTable[i].SeekOffset,
ObjTable[i].OnDiskSize,
ObjTable[i].ObjectFlags,
ObjTable[i].Reserved);
}
printf("\n");
}
}
/**
* @brief Dumps the DOS and new-style PE headers of a PE image.
**/
static VOID
DumpNewPEImage(
IN const IMAGE_DOS_HEADER* DosHeader,
IN const IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32* NtHeaders)
{
DumpDOSHeader(DosHeader);
printf("IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32\n"
"==================\n"
" Signature = 0x%08X '%c%c%c%c'\n"
"\n",
NtHeaders->Signature,
PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeaders->Signature, 0), PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeaders->Signature, 1),
PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeaders->Signature, 2), PRINT_VAR_CHAR(NtHeaders->Signature, 3));
DumpCOFFImage(&NtHeaders->FileHeader);
}
/**
* @brief Parses an COFF32 image and retrieves its headers. Validation and
* sanitization are performed.
* Returns TRUE if success, FALSE if failure (validation failed, or
* any other error happened).
* Please note that, for ease of re-use in the new-PE parser, this
* function always returns a pointer to an allocated IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32
* buffer, even if the image is **NOT** a PE, but is only a COFF.
* This is done so that any optional header is automatically allocated
* contiguously to the file header.
*
* Sanitization includes:
*
* - Making NumberOfObjects and ObjectTableRVA fields consistent.
*
* - Making NumberOfDirectives and DirectiveTableRVA fields consistent.
* (NOTE: Unimplemented since PE executable images should have these fields
* empty, otherwise an error is emitted.)
**/
static BOOLEAN
ParseCOFF32Image(
IN FILE* pImageFile,
IN size_t nFileSize,
IN ULONG nFileOffset OPTIONAL,
OUT PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32* pNtHeaders,
OUT PULONG pNtHeadersSize)
{
PIMAGE_NT_HEADERS32 NtHeaders = NULL;
PIMAGE_FILE_HEADER FileHeader;
PIMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32 OptHeader = NULL;
PIMAGE_SECTION_HEADER ObjTable = NULL; // SectionTable
size_t NtHeadersSize;
size_t TotalHeadersSize;
size_t DataDirectorySize = 0;
size_t ObjectsTableSize = 0;
/* Make sure the image header fits into the size */
if (nFileOffset + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) > nFileSize)
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "File smaller than IMAGE_FILE_HEADER size");
// PrintErrorReason(ErrorMalformedPE, "COFF file header beyond image size");
return FALSE;
}
/* Allocate memory for the image file header (+ the extra signature field)
* and load it. It will be re-allocated later to accomodate for the extra
* optional header (and its directory array) and the object/sections table. */
NtHeadersSize = RTL_SIZEOF_THROUGH_FIELD(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32, FileHeader);
NtHeaders = malloc(NtHeadersSize);
if (!NtHeaders)
{
PrintError("Failed to allocate %lu bytes\n", (ULONG)NtHeadersSize);
return FALSE;
}
fseek(pImageFile, nFileOffset, SEEK_SET);
if (!fread(&NtHeaders->FileHeader, sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER), 1, pImageFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER));
goto Failure;
}
FileHeader = &NtHeaders->FileHeader;
/* Ensure this is an executable image */
if ((NtHeaders->FileHeader.Characteristics & IMAGE_FILE_EXECUTABLE_IMAGE) == 0)
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "Invalid executable image!");
goto Failure;
}
/* Stamp the signature with 'COFF', to distinguish with new PE files */
NtHeaders->Signature = 'FFOC';
/* Symbols are not currently supported */
if ((FileHeader->NumberOfSymbols != 0) || (FileHeader->PointerToSymbolTable != 0))
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorUnsupportedPE, "Symbols present in PE image, currently not supported (ignored)");
// goto Failure;
}
//
// TODO: Validate FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader value ??
//
/* Check for the presence of the optional header */
if (FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader == 0)
{
PrintWarning("Unsupported PE image (no optional header)!\n");
}
/* Make sure the optional file header fits into the size */
TotalHeadersSize = nFileOffset + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER);
TotalHeadersSize += FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader;
if (TotalHeadersSize >= nFileSize)
{
PrintError("NT optional header beyond image size!\n");
goto Failure;
}
NtHeadersSize += FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader;
/*
* Perform any necessary re-allocation to accomodate for the optional header,
* the Data directory array and objects table.
*/
// if (NtHeadersSize > (size_t)FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory))
if (FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader > 0)
{
/* Re-allocate the NT PE header to accomodate for the optional header,
* the Data directory array and the object table. */
PVOID ptr = realloc(NtHeaders, NtHeadersSize);
if (!ptr)
{
PrintError("Failed to re-allocate %lu bytes\n", (ULONG)NtHeadersSize);
goto Failure;
}
NtHeaders = ptr;
FileHeader = &NtHeaders->FileHeader;
OptHeader = &NtHeaders->OptionalHeader;
/* Load the optional header */
fseek(pImageFile,
// nFileOffset + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER),
nFileOffset + FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32, OptionalHeader)
- FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_NT_HEADERS32, FileHeader),
SEEK_SET);
if (!fread(OptHeader, FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader, 1, pImageFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader);
goto Failure;
}
/* Retrieve the optional header and be sure that its size corresponds to its signature */
// OptHeader->pHdr = (PVOID)(*pFileHeader + 1);
if (!(FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader == sizeof(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32) &&
OptHeader/*->p32*/->Magic == IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR32_MAGIC) &&
!(/* FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader == sizeof(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER64) && */
OptHeader/*->p64*/->Magic == IMAGE_NT_OPTIONAL_HDR64_MAGIC))
{
/* Fail */
PrintError("Invalid or unrecognized NT optional header!\n");
goto Failure;
}
/*
* The total size of headers reported is equal to the combined size of:
* the offset from the beginning of the file (in the case of PE images,
* this corresponds to the original DOS header size + its DOS stub),
* the NT PE file header and optional header, and the section headers.
* Contrary to the case of the old PE format, the new PE format rounds
* the size up to a multiple of FileAlignment (given in the optional header).
*
* Also I suppose for now that the NumberOfXXX members are valid;
* should they not be, it is most probable this HeaderSize check
* will fail, and consequently the other checks on the NumberOfXXX
* done below fail as well.
*/
TotalHeadersSize = nFileOffset;
TotalHeadersSize += sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) + FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader +
// OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes * sizeof(IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY) + // It's counted in the size of optional header
FileHeader->NumberOfSections * sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER)
/* + FileHeader->NumberOfSymbols * ??? */ ;
TotalHeadersSize = ROUND_UP(TotalHeadersSize, (size_t)OptHeader->FileAlignment);
if (OptHeader->SizeOfHeaders != TotalHeadersSize)
{
// PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, ...);
PrintWarning("The reported NT header size %lu does not match the calculated size %lu!\n",
OptHeader->SizeOfHeaders, (ULONG)TotalHeadersSize);
}
/* Verify that the handled number of special data directories is valid */
if (OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes > RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, DataDirectory))
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "Invalid number of special data directories %lu; expected <= %lu",
OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes, (ULONG)RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, DataDirectory));
goto Failure;
}
#if 0 // It's counted in the size of optional header
if (OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes)
{
// DataDirectorySize = RTL_FIELD_SIZE(IMAGE_OPTIONAL_HEADER32, DataDirectory);
DataDirectorySize = OptHeader->NumberOfRvaAndSizes * sizeof(IMAGE_DATA_DIRECTORY);
NtHeadersSize += DataDirectorySize;
}
#endif
}
if (FileHeader->NumberOfSections)
{
ObjectsTableSize = FileHeader->NumberOfSections * sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER);
/* Make sure the object table fits into the size */
if (nFileOffset + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) + FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader
/* + DataDirectorySize */ + ObjectsTableSize >= nFileSize)
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorMalformedPE, "Object table beyond image size");
goto Failure;
}
/* NOTE: Contrary to the old-PE format, in the COFF format the
* object/section table is by construction automatically after
* the PE header (it follows the optional header). */
NtHeadersSize += ObjectsTableSize;
}
/*
* Perform any necessary re-allocation to accomodate for the Data directory array and objects table.
*/
// if (NtHeadersSize > (size_t)FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory))
if (/* DataDirectorySize + */ ObjectsTableSize > 0)
{
/* Re-allocate the NT PE header to accomodate for the optional header,
* the Data directory array and the object table. */
PVOID ptr = realloc(NtHeaders, NtHeadersSize);
if (!ptr)
{
PrintError("Failed to re-allocate %lu bytes\n", (ULONG)NtHeadersSize);
goto Failure;
}
NtHeaders = ptr;
FileHeader = &NtHeaders->FileHeader;
if (OptHeader)
OptHeader = &NtHeaders->OptionalHeader;
#if 0 // It's counted in the size of optional header
if (DataDirectorySize)
{
/* Load it */
fseek(pImageFile, NtHeaderOffset + FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory), SEEK_SET);
// if (!fread(&NtHeader->DataDirectory, DataDirectorySize, 1, pImageFile))
if (!fread(&NtHeader->DataDirectory, sizeof(IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY),
NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs, pImageFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)DataDirectorySize);
goto Failure;
}
}
#endif
if (ObjectsTableSize)
{
/* Get a pointer to the object table */
// ObjTable = RVA(NtHeader, FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory) + DataDirectorySize);
ObjTable = RVA(FileHeader + 1, FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader);
/* Load it */
fseek(pImageFile,
nFileOffset + sizeof(IMAGE_FILE_HEADER) + FileHeader->SizeOfOptionalHeader
/* + DataDirectorySize */,
SEEK_SET);
// if (!fread(ObjTable, ObjectsTableSize, 1, pImageFile))
if (!fread(ObjTable, sizeof(IMAGE_SECTION_HEADER), FileHeader->NumberOfSections, pImageFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)ObjectsTableSize);
goto Failure;
}
}
else
{
/* No object table is present */
FileHeader->NumberOfSections = 0;
}
}
/* Return the headers to the caller */
*pNtHeaders = NtHeaders;
*pNtHeadersSize = (ULONG)NtHeadersSize;
return TRUE;
Failure:
if (NtHeaders)
free(NtHeaders);
return FALSE;
}
/**
* @brief Parses an old-style PE image and retrieves its DOS and old-style
* PE headers. Validation and sanitization are performed.
* Returns TRUE if success, FALSE if failure (validation failed, or
* any other error happened).
*
* Sanitization includes:
*
* - Making NumberOfObjects and ObjectTableRVA fields consistent.
*
* - Making NumberOfDirectives and DirectiveTableRVA fields consistent.
* (NOTE: Unimplemented since PE executable images should have these fields
* empty, otherwise an error is emitted.)
**/
static BOOLEAN
ParseOldPEImage(
IN FILE* pImageFile,
IN size_t nFileSize,
IN ULONG nFileOffset,
IN PDOS_IMAGE_HEADER DosHeader,
OUT PIMAGE_HEADER* pNtHeader,
OUT PULONG pNtHeaderSize)
{
PIMAGE_HEADER NtHeader = NULL;
PIMAGE_OBJECT_HEADER ObjTable = NULL;
size_t NtHeaderSize;
size_t TotalHeadersSize;
size_t DataDirectorySize = 0;
size_t ObjectsTableSize = 0;
NtHeaderSize = FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory);
/* Make sure the old NT PE header fits into the size */
if (nFileOffset + NtHeaderSize >= nFileSize)
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorMalformedPE, "NT headers beyond image size");
return FALSE;
}
#if 0
if (nFileOffset + NtHeaderSize > nFileSize)
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "File smaller than IMAGE_HEADER size");
return FALSE;
}
#endif
/* Allocate memory for the old NT PE header (excepting the Data directory)
* and load it (it will be re-allocated later to accomodate for the extra
* directory array and the object/sections table). */
NtHeader = malloc(NtHeaderSize);
if (!NtHeader)
{
PrintError("Failed to allocate %lu bytes\n", (ULONG)NtHeaderSize);
return FALSE;
}
fseek(pImageFile, nFileOffset, SEEK_SET);
if (!fread(NtHeader, NtHeaderSize, 1, pImageFile))
{
PrintError("Failed to read %lu bytes from source file\n", (ULONG)NtHeaderSize);
goto Failure;
}
/* Verify the PE Signature (Note: this has been verified before) */
ASSERT(NtHeader->SignatureBytes == IMAGE_NT_SIGNATURE);
/*
* The total size of headers reported is equal to the combined size of:
* the original DOS header size (+ its DOS stub), PE header, and section headers.
* Contrary to the case of the new PE format, the old PE format does not
* round it up to a multiple of FileAlignment (i.e. NtHeader->FileAlign).
*
* I will suppose that the size of the DOS header + its DOS stub is equal
* to all the space from the beginning of the image up to the offset where
* the old PE header starts, specified by DosHeader->e_lfanew.
*
* Also I suppose for now that the NumberOfXXX members are valid;
* should they not be, it is most probable this HeaderSize check
* will fail, and consequently the other checks on the NumberOfXXX
* done below fail as well.
*/
TotalHeadersSize = nFileOffset;
TotalHeadersSize += FIELD_OFFSET(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory) +
NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs * sizeof(IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY) +
NtHeader->NumberOfObjects * sizeof(IMAGE_OBJECT_HEADER);
if (NtHeader->HeaderSize != TotalHeadersSize)
{
// PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, ...);
PrintWarning("The reported NT header size %lu does not match the calculated size %lu!\n",
NtHeader->HeaderSize, (ULONG)TotalHeadersSize);
}
/* If any of the reserved fields are non-zero, print a warning but continue */
if ((NtHeader->Reserved1 != 0) || (NtHeader->Reserved2 != 0) || (NtHeader->Reserved3 != 0) ||
(NtHeader->Reserved4 != 0) || (NtHeader->Reserved5 != 0))
{
PrintWarning("Reserved fields non-zero, the image may be invalid!\n");
}
/* Directives are unsupported in PE images (they are object only) */
if ((NtHeader->NumberOfDirectives != 0) || (NtHeader->DirectiveTableRVA != 0))
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorUnsupportedPE, "Directives present in PE image");
goto Failure;
}
/* Verify that the handled number of special data directories is valid */
if (NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs > RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory))
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "Invalid number of special data directories %lu; expected <= %lu",
NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs, (ULONG)RTL_NUMBER_OF_FIELD(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory));
goto Failure;
}
/* Verify that the objects/sections count and table are valid */
if ( ((NtHeader->NumberOfObjects == 0) && (NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA != 0)) ||
((NtHeader->NumberOfObjects != 0) && (NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA == 0)) ||
(NtHeader->NumberOfObjects > MAXUSHORT) )
{
PrintErrorReason(ErrorInvalidPE, "Invalid number of objects / object table");
goto Failure;
}
/* Normalize for safety */
if (NtHeader->NumberOfObjects == 0)
NtHeader->ObjectTableRVA = 0;
if (NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs)
{
// DataDirectorySize = RTL_FIELD_SIZE(IMAGE_HEADER, DataDirectory);
DataDirectorySize = NtHeader->NumberOfSpecialRVAs * sizeof(IMAGE_SPECIAL_DIRECTORY);
NtHeaderSize += DataDirectorySize;
}
if (NtHeader->NumberOfObjects)
{