diff --git a/app/models/category.py b/app/models/category.py
index fa1a9d7..49e36b8 100644
--- a/app/models/category.py
+++ b/app/models/category.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 
@@ -8,9 +8,10 @@ class Category(db.Model):
     id = db.Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), primary_key=True, default=uuid.uuid4)
     name = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False)
     description = db.Column(db.Text)
-    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    created_at = db.Column(
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     updated_at = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow)
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc), onupdate=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return f'<Category {self.name}>'
diff --git a/app/models/comment.py b/app/models/comment.py
index ea562cb..5f99ae6 100644
--- a/app/models/comment.py
+++ b/app/models/comment.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 
@@ -12,9 +12,10 @@ class Comment(db.Model):
                         db.ForeignKey('user.id'), nullable=False)
     recipe_id = db.Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), db.ForeignKey(
         'recipe.id'), nullable=False)
-    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    created_at = db.Column(
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     updated_at = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow)
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc), onupdate=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return f'<Comment {self.text}>'
diff --git a/app/models/ingredient.py b/app/models/ingredient.py
index 2743edf..295dd28 100644
--- a/app/models/ingredient.py
+++ b/app/models/ingredient.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 
@@ -10,9 +10,10 @@ class Ingredient(db.Model):
     name = db.Column(db.String(120), nullable=False)
     recipe_id = db.Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), db.ForeignKey(
         'recipe.id'), nullable=False)
-    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    created_at = db.Column(
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     updated_at = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow)
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc), onupdate=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
 
     def __repr__(self):
         return f'<Ingredient {self.name}>'
diff --git a/app/models/instruction.py b/app/models/instruction.py
index 2444c91..e2c170d 100644
--- a/app/models/instruction.py
+++ b/app/models/instruction.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 
@@ -11,9 +11,10 @@ class Instruction(db.Model):
 	name = db.Column(db.Text, nullable=False)
 	recipe_id = db.Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), db.ForeignKey(
             'recipe.id'), nullable=False)
-	created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+	created_at = db.Column(
+		db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
 	updated_at = db.Column(
-		db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow)
+		db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc), onupdate=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
 	
 	def __repr__(self) -> str:
 		return f'<Instruction {self.step_number}: {self.name[:20]}>'
diff --git a/app/models/recipe.py b/app/models/recipe.py
index 667073f..8727d43 100644
--- a/app/models/recipe.py
+++ b/app/models/recipe.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
 
@@ -20,8 +20,9 @@ class Recipe(db.Model):
         'category.id'), nullable=False)
     user_id = db.Column(UUID(as_uuid=True), db.ForeignKey(
         'user.id'), nullable=False)
-    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
-    updated_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
+    updated_at = db.Column(
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     category = db.relationship('Category', backref='recipes', lazy=True)
     comments = db.relationship('Comment', backref='recipe', cascade='all, delete-orphan', lazy=True)
     ingredients = db.relationship(
diff --git a/app/models/user.py b/app/models/user.py
index 09a10bb..2e912a6 100644
--- a/app/models/user.py
+++ b/app/models/user.py
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 from app import db
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 import uuid
 from flask_login import UserMixin
 from sqlalchemy.dialects.postgresql import UUID
@@ -13,9 +13,10 @@ class User(db.Model, UserMixin):
     username = db.Column(db.String(80), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)
     email = db.Column(db.String(120), unique=True, nullable=False, index=True)
     password_hash = db.Column(db.String(255), nullable=False)
-    created_at = db.Column(db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow)
+    created_at = db.Column(
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     updated_at = db.Column(
-        db.DateTime, default=datetime.utcnow, onupdate=datetime.utcnow)
+        db.DateTime, default=datetime.now(timezone.utc), onupdate=datetime.now(timezone.utc))
     recipes = db.relationship('Recipe', backref='author', lazy=True)
     comments = db.relationship('Comment', backref='author', lazy=True)
 
diff --git a/app/services/recipe_service.py b/app/services/recipe_service.py
index 88e34cc..482e726 100644
--- a/app/services/recipe_service.py
+++ b/app/services/recipe_service.py
@@ -2,11 +2,10 @@
 from app.models.recipe import Recipe
 from app.models.recipe import Recipe
 from app.models.ingredient import Ingredient
-from app.models.comment import Comment
 from app.models.instruction import Instruction
 from app import db
 import random
-from datetime import datetime
+from datetime import datetime, timezone
 
 from app.services.pagination_service import paginate
 
@@ -144,7 +143,7 @@ def update_recipe(recipe, data, ingredients, instructions, image_url):
             db.session.delete(existing_instructions[extra_idx])
         
         # Manually updating the `updated_at` field 'cos of view_count
-        recipe.updated_at = datetime.utcnow()
+        recipe.updated_at = datetime.now(timezone.utc)
 
         db.session.commit()
 
diff --git a/migrations/versions/5246baafeb00_added_subscribe_model.py b/migrations/versions/5246baafeb00_added_subscribe_model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..257c46b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/versions/5246baafeb00_added_subscribe_model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Added Subscribe model
+
+Revision ID: 5246baafeb00
+Revises: f6f0a537719a
+Create Date: 2024-09-11 16:35:24.804373
+
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = '5246baafeb00'
+down_revision = 'f6f0a537719a'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.create_table('subscriber',
+    sa.Column('id', sa.UUID(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('email', sa.String(length=120), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('subscribed_on', sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
+    sa.Column('is_active', sa.Boolean(), nullable=True),
+    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id'),
+    sa.UniqueConstraint('email')
+    )
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.drop_table('subscriber')
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
diff --git a/migrations/versions/f6f0a537719a_added_subscribe_model.py b/migrations/versions/f6f0a537719a_added_subscribe_model.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..56f74de
--- /dev/null
+++ b/migrations/versions/f6f0a537719a_added_subscribe_model.py
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+"""Added Subscribe model
+
+Revision ID: f6f0a537719a
+Revises: 86043ab96515
+Create Date: 2024-09-11 14:36:40.996536
+
+"""
+from alembic import op
+import sqlalchemy as sa
+
+
+# revision identifiers, used by Alembic.
+revision = 'f6f0a537719a'
+down_revision = '86043ab96515'
+branch_labels = None
+depends_on = None
+
+
+def upgrade():
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.create_table('subscriber',
+    sa.Column('id', sa.UUID(), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('email', sa.String(length=120), nullable=False),
+    sa.Column('subscribed_on', sa.DateTime(), nullable=True),
+    sa.Column('is_active', sa.Boolean(), nullable=True),
+    sa.PrimaryKeyConstraint('id'),
+    sa.UniqueConstraint('email')
+    )
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###
+
+
+def downgrade():
+    # ### commands auto generated by Alembic - please adjust! ###
+    op.drop_table('subscriber')
+    # ### end Alembic commands ###