transformer.py

# Denis
# coding:UTF-8
from templates import *
import math


class DotProductAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dropout, **kwargs):
        super(DotProductAttention, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.attention_weights = None
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)

    def forward(self, queries, keys, values, valid_lens=None):
        d = queries.shape[-1]
        scores = torch.bmm(queries, keys.transpose(1, 2)) / math.sqrt(d)
        self.attention_weights = masked_softmax(scores, valid_lens)
        return torch.bmm(self.dropout(self.attention_weights), values)


class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, num_hiddens, dropout, max_len=1000):
        super(PositionalEncoding, self).__init__()
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        """创建一个足够长的P"""
        self.P = torch.zeros((1, max_len, num_hiddens))
        X = torch.arange(max_len, dtype=torch.float32).reshape(
            -1, 1) / torch.pow(10000, torch.arange(
            0, num_hiddens, 2, dtype=torch.float32) / num_hiddens)
        self.P[:, :, 0::2] = torch.sin(X)
        self.P[:, :, 1::2] = torch.cos(X)

    def forward(self, X):
        X = X + self.P[:, :X.shape[1], :].to(X.device)
        return self.dropout(X)


def transpose_qkv(X, num_heads):
    X = X.reshape(X.shape[0], X.shape[1], num_heads, -1)
    X = X.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
    return X.reshape(-1, X.shape[2], X.shape[3])


def transpose_output(X, num_heads):
    X = X.reshape(-1, num_heads, X.shape[1], X.shape[2])
    X = X.permute(0, 2, 1, 3)
    return X.reshape(X.shape[0], X.shape[1], -1)


class MultiHeadAttention(nn.Module):
    """多头注意力"""

    def __init__(self, key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
                 num_heads, dropout, bias=False, **kwargs):
        super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.num_heads = num_heads
        self.attention = DotProductAttention(dropout)
        self.W_q = nn.Linear(query_size, num_hiddens, bias)
        self.W_k = nn.Linear(key_size, num_hiddens, bias)
        self.W_v = nn.Linear(value_size, num_hiddens, bias)
        self.W_o = nn.Linear(num_hiddens, num_hiddens, bias)

    def forward(self, queries, keys, values, valid_lens):
        queries = transpose_qkv(self.W_q(queries), self.num_heads)
        keys = transpose_qkv(self.W_k(keys), self.num_heads)
        values = transpose_qkv(self.W_v(values), self.num_heads)

        if valid_lens is not None:
            valid_lens = torch.repeat_interleave(
                valid_lens, repeats=self.num_heads, dim=0)

        outputs = self.attention(queries, keys, values, valid_lens)
        outputs_concat = transpose_output(outputs, self.num_heads)
        return self.W_o(outputs_concat)


class PositionWiseFFN(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, ffn_num_outputs, **kwargs):
        super(PositionWiseFFN, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dense1 = nn.Linear(ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens)
        self.relu = nn.LeakyReLU()
        self.dense2 = nn.Linear(ffn_num_hiddens, ffn_num_outputs)

    def forward(self, X):
        return self.dense2(self.relu(self.dense1(X)))


class Addnorm(nn.Module):
    """残差连接后进行层归一化"""

    def __init__(self, normalized_shape, dropout, **kwargs):
        super(Addnorm, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.ln = nn.LayerNorm(normalized_shape)

    def forward(self, X, Y):
        return self.ln(self.dropout(Y) + X)


class EncoderBlock(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
                 norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
                 dropout, use_bias=False, **kwargs):
        super(EncoderBlock, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.attention = MultiHeadAttention(
            key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout, use_bias)
        self.addnorm1 = Addnorm(norm_shape, dropout)
        self.ffn = PositionWiseFFN(
            ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_hiddens)
        self.addnorm2 = Addnorm(norm_shape, dropout)

    def forward(self, X, valid_lens):
        Y = self.addnorm1(X, self.attention(X, X, X, valid_lens))
        return self.addnorm2(Y, self.ffn(Y))


class TransformerEncoder(Encoder):
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, key_size, query_size, value_size,
                 num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
                 num_heads, num_layers, dropout, use_bias=False, **kwargs):
        super(TransformerEncoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.num_hiddens = num_hiddens
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, num_hiddens)
        self.pos_encoding = PositionalEncoding(num_hiddens, dropout)
        self.blks = nn.Sequential()
        self.attention_weights = None
        for i in range(num_layers):
            self.blks.add_module("block" + str(i),
                                 EncoderBlock(key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
                                              norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
                                              num_heads, dropout, use_bias))

    def forward(self, X, valid_lens, *args):
        X = self.pos_encoding(self.embedding(X) * math.sqrt(self.num_hiddens))
        self.attention_weights = [None] * len(self.blks)
        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blks):
            X = blk(X, valid_lens)
            self.attention_weights[i] = blk.attention.attention.attention_weights
        return X


class DecoderBlock(nn.Module):
    """解码器中第i个块"""

    def __init__(self, key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
                 norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_heads,
                 dropout, i, **kwargs):
        super(DecoderBlock, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self.i = i
        self.attention1 = MultiHeadAttention(
            key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout)
        self.addnorm1 = Addnorm(norm_shape, dropout)
        self.attention2 = MultiHeadAttention(
            key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens, num_heads, dropout)
        self.addnorm2 = Addnorm(norm_shape, dropout)
        self.ffn = PositionWiseFFN(ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens, num_hiddens)
        self.addnorm3 = Addnorm(norm_shape, dropout)

    def forward(self, X, state):
        enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens = state[0], state[1]
        if state[2][self.i] is None:
            key_values = X
        else:
            key_values = torch.cat((state[2][self.i], X), dim=1)
        state[2][self.i] = key_values
        if self.training:
            batch_size, num_steps, _ = X.shape
            dec_valid_lens = torch.arange(
                1, num_steps + 1, device=X.device).repeat(batch_size, 1)
        else:
            dec_valid_lens = None
        # 自注意力
        X2 = self.attention1(X, key_values, key_values, dec_valid_lens)
        Y = self.addnorm1(X, X2)
        Y2 = self.attention2(Y, enc_outputs, enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens)  # 遮蔽padding
        Z = self.addnorm2(Y, Y2)
        return self.addnorm3(Z, self.ffn(Z)), state


class TransformerDecoder(AttentionDecoder):
    def __init__(self, vocab_size, key_size, query_size, value_size,
                 num_hiddens, norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
                 num_heads, num_layers, dropout, **kwargs):
        super(TransformerDecoder, self).__init__(**kwargs)
        self._attention_weights = None
        self.num_hiddens = num_hiddens
        self.num_layers = num_layers
        self.embedding = nn.Embedding(vocab_size, num_hiddens)
        self.pos_encoding = PositionalEncoding(num_hiddens, dropout)
        self.blks = nn.Sequential()
        for i in range(num_layers):
            self.blks.add_module("block" + str(i),
                                 DecoderBlock(key_size, query_size, value_size, num_hiddens,
                                              norm_shape, ffn_num_input, ffn_num_hiddens,
                                              num_heads, dropout, i))
        self.dense = nn.Linear(num_hiddens, vocab_size)

    def init_state(self, enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens, *args):
        return [enc_outputs, enc_valid_lens, [None] * self.num_layers]

    def forward(self, X, state):
        X = self.pos_encoding(self.embedding(X) * math.sqrt(self.num_hiddens))
        self._attention_weights = [[None] * len(self.blks) for _ in range(2)]
        for i, blk in enumerate(self.blks):
            X, state = blk(X, state)
            self._attention_weights[0][
                i] = blk.attention1.attention.attention_weights
            self._attention_weights[1][
                i] = blk.attention2.attention.attention_weights
        return self.dense(X), state

    def attention_weights(self):
        return self._attention_weights