git init: Initializes a new Git repository. This command creates a new .git directory in your project, which Git uses to track changes.
git clone <repository-url>: Creates a local copy of a remote repository. This command is used when you want to work on an existing project that is hosted on a server (e.g., GitHub, GitLab).
git add <file>: Adds files to the staging area. It tells Git that you want to include updates to a particular file(s) in the next commit. Use git add . to add all changed files to the staging area.
git commit -m "Your commit message": Records or snapshots the file permanently in the version history along with a message from the user describing the changes.
git status: Shows the status of changes as untracked, modified, or staged.
git log: Displays the committed history, allowing you to see the previous commits.
git push <remote> <branch>: Uploads all local branch commits to the remote repository. is typically origin, and is your current branch.
git pull <remote> <branch>: Fetches the changes from the remote repository to your current branch and merges them. This command is a combination of git fetch followed by git merge.
git branch: Lists all the local branches in your repository. Use git branch <branch-name> to create a new branch, and git branch -d <branch-name> to delete a branch.
git checkout <branch-name>: Switches to the specified branch and updates the working directory to match. Use git checkout -b <branch-name> to create and switch to a new branch.
git merge <branch>: Merges the specified branch into the current branch. This command is used to combine changes from one branch into another.
git diff: Shows the differences between files in the working directory and the staging area.
git reset: Resets your index and working directory to the state of your last commit. This is useful for undoing changes. Use carefully.
git stash: Temporarily shelves (or stashes) changes so you can work on a different branch without committing incomplete work on your current branch.
The .git object database holds all the objects in the repository: blobs (file data), trees (directory structure), commits (individual project states), and annotated tags (points in history as significant).