Update characterization.mdx

docs/repo/details_standards/characterization.mdx

@@ -28,5 +28,37 @@ Please provide at least all data that is usually given in a Supplemental Informa
 **Missing data**
 If a required type of data is not obtainable, the reason for the absence of the data should be noted. For example, if the compound is little soluble and recording a 13C NMR spectrum is not possible or if the compound can be hardly ionized and mass spec cannot be gained, please add a note to "Additional information for publication and purification details". For cases where the data was gained but does not meet the requirements, please see the information in the section <i>analyses</i> of this documentation. <br />
 
+## Numbers and units
+Please adjust the space between numbers and units according to common standards:  
+All combinations of number and unit should be given with space, only the combination number+% (e.g. yield or concentration) are given without.
+- 12 h (wrong: 12h), 12 min (wrong: 12min), 12 °C (not 12°C), 12 mM (wrong: 12mM)
+- But: the product was obtained in 12% yield or 5% methanol in water
+➤ data should be quoted with decimal points and negative exponents (e.g., 25.8 J K−1 mol−1). Use the period as the decimal point, never a comma.
+➤ Use numerals before and after a decimal point. 0.25 (not .25) 78.0 or 78 (not 78.)
+➤ For ranges in scientific notation, retain all parts of all numbers or avoid ambiguity by use of parentheses or other enclosing marks. 9.2 × 10–3 to 12.6 × 10–3 or (9.2–12.6) × 10–3 (not 9.2 to 12.6 × 10–3)
+➤ Leave a space before and after mathematical operators that function as verbs or conjunctions; that is, they have numbers on both sides or a symbol for a variable on one side and a number on the other. 20 ± 2% 3.24 ± 0.01 4 × 5 cm 8 × 10–4 k ≥ 420 s–1 p < 0.01 Tg = 176 °C. 
+Exception 1 Leave no space around mathematical operators in subscripts and superscripts. ∆Hn–1 Eλ>353 M(x+y)+ 
+Exception 2 Leave no space around a slash (a/b), a ratio colon (1:10), or a centered dot (PM·V).
+➤ Use an en dash to mean “to” or “through” with a span of three or more numerals or other types of ranges. 12–20 months, Figures 1–4, 5–50 kg, sections 1b–1f, parts C–E, compounds A–I. 
+Exception 1: When either one or both numbers are negative or include a symbol that modifies the number, use the word “to” or “through”, not the en dash. –20 to +120 K, –145 to –30 °C, ≈50 to 60, 10 to >600 mL, <5 to 15 mg. 
+Exception 2: Do not use an en dash when the word “from” or “between” is used. from 500 to 600 mL (not from 500–600 mL), between 7 and 10 days (not between 7–10 days).
+➤ Use numerals with units of time or measure, and use a space between the numeral and the unit, except %, $, ° (angular degrees), ′ (angular minutes), and ″ (angular seconds). 
+6 min; 25 mL; 125 V/s; 0.30 g; 50%; $250; 273 K; 47°8′23″; 180° (but 180 °C); 90 °F; 50 µg of compound/dL of water
+For very large numbers with units of measure, use scientific notation or choose an appropriate multiplying prefix for the unit to avoid numbers of more than four digits. 1.2 × 106 s; 3.0 × 104 kg; 5.8 × 10–5 M; or 58 µM; 42.3 L (not 42,300 mL or 42 300 mL)
+exception 1 In tables, use the same unit and multiplying prefix for all entries in a column, even if some entries therefore require four or more digits. 
+exception 2 Use the preferred unit of a discipline, even when the numbers require four or more digits: g/L for mass density of fluids kg/m3 for mass density of solids GPa for modulus of elasticity kPa for fluid pressure MPa for stress
+➤ In four-digit numbers, use no commas or spaces.
+➤ Use a decimal and a zero following a numeral only when such usage truly represents the precision of the measurement: 27.0 °C and 27 °C are not interchangeable.
+➤ Use decimals rather than fractions with units of time or measure, except when doing so would imply an unwarranted accuracy. 3.5 h (not 3½ h) 5.25 g (not 5¼ g)
+➤ Use an en dash in ranges or series of three or more numbered items, whether on the line or in a superscript. 43–49 325–372 2005–2008 Tables 1–4[4]
+
+Chemistry-specific general formating 
+➤ Use italic type for chemical element symbols that denote attachment to an atom or a site of ligation. B,B′-di-3-pinanyldiborane bis[(ethylthio)acetato-O,S]platinum glycinato-N N-acetyl group N-ethylaniline[4]
+➤ When element symbols are used with a type of reaction as a noun or adjective, use roman type for the symbol and hyphenate it to the word that follows it. N-acetylated N-acetylation N-oxidation N-oxidized O-substituted O-substitution
+➤ Use italic type for the capital H that denotes indicated or added hydrogen. 1H-1,3-diazepine 3H-fluorene 2H-indene[4]
+➤ Use Greek letters, not the spelled-out forms, in chemical names to denote position or stereochemistry. Use a hyphen to separate them from the chemical name. α-amino acid (not alpha amino acid) β-naphthol (not beta naphthol)
+➤ Use italic type for positional, stereochemical, configurational, and descriptive structural prefixes when they appear with the chemical name or formula. Use a hyphen to separate them from the chemical name. Accepted prefixes include the following: abeo ac altro amphi anti antiprismo ar arachno as asym c catena cis cisoid closo cyclo d dodecahedro E endo erythro exo facgem hexahedro hexaprismo hypho icosahedro klado l m M mer meso n nido o octahedro p P pentaprismo quadro r R R∗ rel retro ribo s S S∗ sec sn sym syn t tert tetrahedro threo trans transoid triangulo triprismo uns vic xylo Z[4]
+➤ Do not capitalize prefixes that are shown here as lowercase, even at the beginning of a sentence or in a title and never use lower case for those that are written in capital letters. Enclose the prefixes E, R, R∗, S, S∗, and Z in parentheses. anti-bicyclo[3.2.1]octan-8-amine; ar-chlorotoluene; cis-diamminedichloroplatinum; cyclo-hexasulfur, c-S6; (E,E)-2,4-hexadienoic acid; m-ethylpropylbenzene; o-dibromobenzene, p-aminoacetanilide; (S)-2,3-dihydroxypropanoic acid; 5-sec-butylnonane.[4]
+Multiplying affixes are integral parts of the chemical name; they are set in roman type and are always closed up to the rest of the name (without hyphens). Use hyphens only to set off intervening locants or descriptors. Use enclosing marks (parentheses, brackets, or braces) to ensure clarity or to observe other recommended nomenclature conventions. Multiplying prefixes include the following: • hemi, mono, di, tri, tetra, penta, hexa, hepta, octa, ennea, nona, deca, deka, undeca, dodeca, etc. • semi, uni, sesqui, bi, ter, quadri, quater, quinque, sexi, septi, octi, novi, deci, etc. • bis, tris, tetrakis, pentakis, hexakis, heptakis, octakis, nonakis, decakis, etc. 3,4′-bi-2-naphthol; 2,2′-bipyridine; bis(benzene)chromium(0); 1,4-bis(3-bromo-1- oxopropyl)piperazine; 1,3-bis(diethylamino)propane; di-tert-butyl malonate dichloride.[4]