A firewall is a network security device that monitors traffic to or from your network. Various types of firewalls exist, including:
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stateless(JJ): basic packet filtering alrchitecture that implements a simple checkpoint at a traffic router or switch, checking the packet and either passing it or dropping it.
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stateful(JJ): monitors the full state of active network connections, analyzing the complete context of traffic and data packets rather than discrete traffic and data packets in isolation.
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Proxy(RG, NK, AS, TB): provides a gateway or intermediary between computers and servers on the internet to secure data that goes in and out of a network.
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Next-generation Firewall(CJ/CK/CS): Next-generation firewall (NGFW) is part of the third generation of firewall technology that can be implemented in hardware or software. It is capable of detecting and blocking sophisticated attacks by enforcing security policies at the application, port and protocol levels. (from TechTarget)
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Threat Focused NGFW(HS/DU/WL/WC) A next-generation firewall (NGFW) is a threat focused network firewall that provides more features compared to a traditional firewall. Features such as a full security suite that includes URL filtering and advanced malware protection. Additionally it includes threat intelligence sharing through each layer of an attack.
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Virtual/Cloud(MK/MM/RH/TP/MC): Cloud based firewalls are software based and specifically used in environments where deploying hardware firewalls can be difficult or impossible. Virtual firewalls grant or reject network access to traffic flows between various zones. They enable organizations to secure their expanding network perimeter to ensure secure access to assets.