diff --git a/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.test.ts b/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.test.ts
index 3f14a2dd92269..cc11599d48d54 100644
--- a/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.test.ts
+++ b/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.test.ts
@@ -8,10 +8,10 @@
  */
 
 import { firstValueFrom } from 'rxjs';
-import { apm } from '@elastic/apm-rum';
+import { Transaction, apm } from '@elastic/apm-rum';
 import { type Client, OpenFeature, type Provider } from '@openfeature/web-sdk';
 import { coreContextMock } from '@kbn/core-base-browser-mocks';
-import type { FeatureFlagsStart } from '@kbn/core-feature-flags-browser';
+import type { FeatureFlagsSetup, FeatureFlagsStart } from '@kbn/core-feature-flags-browser';
 import { injectedMetadataServiceMock } from '@kbn/core-injected-metadata-browser-mocks';
 import type { InternalInjectedMetadataSetup } from '@kbn/core-injected-metadata-browser-internal';
 import { FeatureFlagsService } from '..';
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ describe('FeatureFlagsService Browser', () => {
     test('awaits initialization in the start context', async () => {
       const { setProvider } = featureFlagsService.setup({ injectedMetadata });
       let externalResolve: Function = () => void 0;
-      const spy = jest.spyOn(OpenFeature, 'setProviderAndWait').mockImplementation(async () => {
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(OpenFeature, 'setProviderAndWait').mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
         await new Promise((resolve) => {
           externalResolve = resolve;
         });
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ describe('FeatureFlagsService Browser', () => {
 
     test('do not hold for too long during initialization', async () => {
       const { setProvider } = featureFlagsService.setup({ injectedMetadata });
-      const spy = jest.spyOn(OpenFeature, 'setProviderAndWait').mockImplementation(async () => {
+      const spy = jest.spyOn(OpenFeature, 'setProviderAndWait').mockImplementationOnce(async () => {
         await new Promise(() => {}); // never resolves
       });
       const apmCaptureErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(apm, 'captureError');
@@ -95,6 +95,60 @@ describe('FeatureFlagsService Browser', () => {
         expect.stringContaining('The feature flags provider took too long to initialize.')
       );
     });
+
+    describe('APM instrumentation', () => {
+      const fakeProvider = { metadata: { name: 'fake provider' } } as Provider;
+
+      let setProvider: FeatureFlagsSetup['setProvider'];
+      let apmSpy: jest.SpyInstance<Transaction | undefined>;
+      let setProviderSpy: jest.SpyInstance<Promise<void>>;
+
+      beforeEach(() => {
+        const setup = featureFlagsService.setup({ injectedMetadata });
+        setProvider = setup.setProvider;
+        setProviderSpy = jest.spyOn(OpenFeature, 'setProviderAndWait');
+        apmSpy = jest.spyOn(apm, 'startTransaction');
+      });
+
+      test('starts an APM transaction to track the time it takes to set a provider', () => {
+        expect.assertions(1);
+        setProvider(fakeProvider);
+        expect(apmSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith('set-provider', 'feature-flags');
+      });
+
+      test('APM transaction tracks success', async () => {
+        expect.assertions(4);
+
+        setProviderSpy.mockResolvedValueOnce();
+        setProvider(fakeProvider);
+
+        const transaction = apmSpy.mock.results[0].value;
+        const endTransactionSpy = jest.spyOn(transaction, 'end');
+        expect(transaction.outcome).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(endTransactionSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+        await setProviderSpy.mock.results[0].value.catch(() => {});
+        expect(transaction.outcome).toBe('success');
+        expect(endTransactionSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      });
+
+      test('APM transaction tracks failures', async () => {
+        expect.assertions(5);
+
+        const apmCaptureErrorSpy = jest.spyOn(apm, 'captureError');
+        const error = new Error('Something went terribly wrong');
+        setProviderSpy.mockRejectedValueOnce(error);
+        setProvider(fakeProvider);
+
+        const transaction = apmSpy.mock.results[0].value;
+        const endTransactionSpy = jest.spyOn(transaction, 'end');
+        expect(transaction.outcome).toBeUndefined();
+        expect(endTransactionSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(0);
+        await setProviderSpy.mock.results[0].value.catch(() => {});
+        expect(apmCaptureErrorSpy).toHaveBeenCalledWith(error);
+        expect(transaction.outcome).toBe('failure');
+        expect(endTransactionSpy).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+      });
+    });
   });
 
   describe('context handling', () => {
diff --git a/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.ts b/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.ts
index afc32d93aee3c..388a4056e4a8e 100644
--- a/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.ts
+++ b/packages/core/feature-flags/core-feature-flags-browser-internal/src/feature_flags_service.ts
@@ -71,11 +71,21 @@ export class FeatureFlagsService {
         const transaction = apm.startTransaction('set-provider', 'feature-flags');
         this.isProviderReadyPromise = OpenFeature.setProviderAndWait(provider);
         this.isProviderReadyPromise
-          .then(() => transaction?.end())
+          .then(() => {
+            if (transaction) {
+              // @ts-expect-error RUM types are not correct
+              transaction.outcome = 'success';
+              transaction.end();
+            }
+          })
           .catch((err) => {
             this.logger.error(err);
             apm.captureError(err);
-            transaction?.end();
+            if (transaction) {
+              // @ts-expect-error RUM types are not correct
+              transaction.outcome = 'failure';
+              transaction.end();
+            }
           });
       },
       appendContext: (contextToAppend) => this.appendContext(contextToAppend),