diff --git a/src/driver/at32/dma.c b/src/driver/at32/dma.c
index e551d9719..3d5a73f06 100644
--- a/src/driver/at32/dma.c
+++ b/src/driver/at32/dma.c
@@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ void dma_clear_flag_tc(dma_device_t dev) {
 extern void dshot_dma_isr(dma_device_t dev);
 extern void spi_dma_isr(dma_device_t dev);
 
-static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
   switch (dev) {
   case DMA_DEVICE_SPI1_RX:
   case DMA_DEVICE_SPI2_RX:
@@ -108,9 +108,9 @@ static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
   }
 }
 
-#define DMA_STREAM(_port, _chan, _dev)              \
-  void DMA##_port##_Channel##_chan##_IRQHandler() { \
-    handle_dma_stream_isr(DMA_DEVICE_##_dev);       \
+#define DMA_STREAM(_port, _chan, _dev)                       \
+  RAM_FUNC void DMA##_port##_Channel##_chan##_IRQHandler() { \
+    handle_dma_stream_isr(DMA_DEVICE_##_dev);                \
   }
 
 DMA_STREAMS
diff --git a/src/driver/at32/serial.c b/src/driver/at32/serial.c
index 03de5d707..0d925fdc5 100644
--- a/src/driver/at32/serial.c
+++ b/src/driver/at32/serial.c
@@ -140,7 +140,7 @@ bool serial_write_bytes(serial_port_t *serial, const uint8_t *data, const uint32
   return true;
 }
 
-static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
   const usart_port_def_t *port = &usart_port_defs[serial->config.port];
 
   if (usart_flag_get(port->channel, USART_TDC_FLAG)) {
@@ -171,7 +171,7 @@ static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
   }
 }
 
-static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
   if (serial_ports[index]) {
     handle_serial_isr(serial_ports[index]);
     return;
@@ -187,12 +187,12 @@ static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
 
 // we need handlers for both U_S_ART and UART.
 // simply define both for every enabled port.
-#define USART_IRQ_HANDLER(channel)          \
-  void USART##channel##_IRQHandler() {      \
-    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel); \
-  }                                         \
-  void UART##channel##_IRQHandler() {       \
-    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel); \
+#define USART_IRQ_HANDLER(channel)              \
+  RAM_FUNC void USART##channel##_IRQHandler() { \
+    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel);     \
+  }                                             \
+  RAM_FUNC void UART##channel##_IRQHandler() {  \
+    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel);     \
   }
 
 USART_IRQ_HANDLER(1)
diff --git a/src/driver/at32/timer.c b/src/driver/at32/timer.c
index 14bb24729..2c1f86c54 100644
--- a/src/driver/at32/timer.c
+++ b/src/driver/at32/timer.c
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ uint32_t timer_channel_val(timer_channel_t chan) {
   }
 }
 
-static void timer_irq_handler() {
+RAM_FUNC static void timer_irq_handler() {
   extern void soft_serial_timer_irq_handler();
   soft_serial_timer_irq_handler();
 
@@ -118,39 +118,39 @@ static void timer_irq_handler() {
 #endif
 }
 
-void TMR1_OVF_TMR10_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR1_OVF_TMR10_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR2_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR2_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR3_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR3_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR4_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR4_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR5_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR5_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR6_DAC_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR6_DAC_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR7_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR7_GLOBAL_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR8_OVF_TMR13_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR8_OVF_TMR13_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR1_BRK_TMR9_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR1_BRK_TMR9_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR1_TRG_HALL_TMR11_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR1_TRG_HALL_TMR11_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR8_BRK_TMR12_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR8_BRK_TMR12_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TMR8_TRG_HALL_TMR14_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TMR8_TRG_HALL_TMR14_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/src/driver/stm32/dma.c b/src/driver/stm32/dma.c
index 8dcc3b0a2..708e441ba 100644
--- a/src/driver/stm32/dma.c
+++ b/src/driver/stm32/dma.c
@@ -180,7 +180,7 @@ void dma_clear_flag_tc(dma_device_t dev) {
 extern void dshot_dma_isr(dma_device_t dev);
 extern void spi_dma_isr(dma_device_t dev);
 
-static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
   switch (dev) {
   case DMA_DEVICE_SPI1_RX:
   case DMA_DEVICE_SPI2_RX:
@@ -204,9 +204,9 @@ static void handle_dma_stream_isr(dma_device_t dev) {
   }
 }
 
-#define DMA_STREAM(_port, _chan, _stream, _dev)      \
-  void DMA##_port##_Stream##_stream##_IRQHandler() { \
-    handle_dma_stream_isr(DMA_DEVICE_##_dev);        \
+#define DMA_STREAM(_port, _chan, _stream, _dev)               \
+  RAM_FUNC void DMA##_port##_Stream##_stream##_IRQHandler() { \
+    handle_dma_stream_isr(DMA_DEVICE_##_dev);                 \
   }
 
 DMA_STREAMS
diff --git a/src/driver/stm32/exti.c b/src/driver/stm32/exti.c
index 6beb94945..b43ba8f17 100644
--- a/src/driver/stm32/exti.c
+++ b/src/driver/stm32/exti.c
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ bool exti_line_active(gpio_pins_t pin) {
   return true;
 }
 
-static void handle_exit_isr() {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_exit_isr() {
   if (exti_line_active(target.rx_spi.exti)) {
     extern void rx_spi_handle_exti(bool);
     rx_spi_handle_exti(gpio_pin_read(target.rx_spi.exti));
@@ -150,25 +150,25 @@ static void handle_exit_isr() {
   }
 }
 
-void EXTI0_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI0_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI1_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI1_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI2_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI2_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI3_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI3_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI4_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI4_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI9_5_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
-void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void EXTI15_10_IRQHandler() {
   handle_exit_isr();
 }
 
diff --git a/src/driver/stm32/serial.c b/src/driver/stm32/serial.c
index 73c6d6dde..cde25b223 100644
--- a/src/driver/stm32/serial.c
+++ b/src/driver/stm32/serial.c
@@ -203,7 +203,7 @@ bool serial_write_bytes(serial_port_t *serial, const uint8_t *data, const uint32
   return true;
 }
 
-static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
   const usart_port_def_t *port = &usart_port_defs[serial->config.port];
 
   if (LL_USART_IsEnabledIT_TC(port->channel) && LL_USART_IsActiveFlag_TC(port->channel)) {
@@ -234,7 +234,7 @@ static void handle_serial_isr(serial_port_t *serial) {
   }
 }
 
-static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
+RAM_FUNC static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
   if (serial_ports[index]) {
     handle_serial_isr(serial_ports[index]);
     return;
@@ -250,12 +250,12 @@ static void handle_usart_isr(serial_ports_t index) {
 
 // we need handlers for both U_S_ART and UART.
 // simply define both for every enabled port.
-#define USART_IRQ_HANDLER(channel)          \
-  void USART##channel##_IRQHandler() {      \
-    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel); \
-  }                                         \
-  void UART##channel##_IRQHandler() {       \
-    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel); \
+#define USART_IRQ_HANDLER(channel)              \
+  RAM_FUNC void USART##channel##_IRQHandler() { \
+    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel);     \
+  }                                             \
+  RAM_FUNC void UART##channel##_IRQHandler() {  \
+    handle_usart_isr(SERIAL_PORT##channel);     \
   }
 
 USART_IRQ_HANDLER(1)
diff --git a/src/driver/stm32/time.c b/src/driver/stm32/time.c
index bda7a3aee..8ed80f0fc 100644
--- a/src/driver/stm32/time.c
+++ b/src/driver/stm32/time.c
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ void time_init() {
   debug_time_init();
 }
 
-void SysTick_Handler() {
+RAM_FUNC void SysTick_Handler() {
   systick_count++;
   systick_val = SysTick->VAL;
   systick_pending = 0;
diff --git a/src/driver/stm32/timer.c b/src/driver/stm32/timer.c
index db8984347..26ff6f0fd 100644
--- a/src/driver/stm32/timer.c
+++ b/src/driver/stm32/timer.c
@@ -134,7 +134,7 @@ uint32_t timer_channel_val(timer_channel_t chan) {
   }
 }
 
-static void timer_irq_handler() {
+RAM_FUNC static void timer_irq_handler() {
   extern void soft_serial_timer_irq_handler();
   soft_serial_timer_irq_handler();
 
@@ -149,63 +149,63 @@ static void timer_irq_handler() {
 #undef TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler
 #endif
 
-void TIM15_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM15_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM16_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM16_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM17_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM17_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_BRK_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_BRK_TIM9_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_CC_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_CC_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_TRG_COM_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_TRG_COM_TIM11_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_UP_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_UP_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM1_UP_TIM10_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM2_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM2_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM3_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM3_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM4_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM4_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM5_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM5_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM6_DAC_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM7_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM7_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM8_BRK_TIM12_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM8_CC_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM8_CC_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM8_TRG_COM_TIM14_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }
-void TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler() {
+RAM_FUNC void TIM8_UP_TIM13_IRQHandler() {
   timer_irq_handler();
 }