BaseClasses.py

from __future__ import annotations

import copy
import functools
import logging
import random
import secrets
import typing  # this can go away when Python 3.8 support is dropped
from argparse import Namespace
from collections import ChainMap, Counter, deque
from enum import IntEnum, IntFlag
from typing import Any, Callable, Dict, Iterable, Iterator, List, NamedTuple, Optional, Set, Tuple, TypedDict, Union

import NetUtils
import Options
import Utils


class Group(TypedDict, total=False):
    name: str
    game: str
    world: auto_world
    players: Set[int]
    item_pool: Set[str]
    replacement_items: Dict[int, Optional[str]]
    local_items: Set[str]
    non_local_items: Set[str]
    link_replacement: bool


class ThreadBarrierProxy:
    """Passes through getattr while passthrough is True"""
    def __init__(self, obj: object) -> None:
        self.passthrough = True
        self.obj = obj

    def __getattr__(self, name: str) -> Any:
        if self.passthrough:
            return getattr(self.obj, name)
        else:
            raise RuntimeError("You are in a threaded context and global random state was removed for your safety. "
                               "Please use multiworld.per_slot_randoms[player] or randomize ahead of output.")


class MultiWorld():
    debug_types = False
    player_name: Dict[int, str]
    _region_cache: Dict[int, Dict[str, Region]]
    difficulty_requirements: dict
    required_medallions: dict
    dark_room_logic: Dict[int, str]
    restrict_dungeon_item_on_boss: Dict[int, bool]
    plando_texts: List[Dict[str, str]]
    plando_items: List[List[Dict[str, Any]]]
    plando_connections: List
    worlds: Dict[int, auto_world]
    groups: Dict[int, Group]
    regions: List[Region]
    itempool: List[Item]
    is_race: bool = False
    precollected_items: Dict[int, List[Item]]
    state: CollectionState

    plando_options: PlandoOptions
    accessibility: Dict[int, Options.Accessibility]
    early_items: Dict[int, Dict[str, int]]
    local_early_items: Dict[int, Dict[str, int]]
    local_items: Dict[int, Options.LocalItems]
    non_local_items: Dict[int, Options.NonLocalItems]
    progression_balancing: Dict[int, Options.ProgressionBalancing]
    completion_condition: Dict[int, Callable[[CollectionState], bool]]
    indirect_connections: Dict[Region, Set[Entrance]]
    exclude_locations: Dict[int, Options.ExcludeLocations]
    priority_locations: Dict[int, Options.PriorityLocations]
    start_inventory: Dict[int, Options.StartInventory]
    start_hints: Dict[int, Options.StartHints]
    start_location_hints: Dict[int, Options.StartLocationHints]
    item_links: Dict[int, Options.ItemLinks]

    game: Dict[int, str]

    random: random.Random
    per_slot_randoms: Dict[int, random.Random]

    class AttributeProxy():
        def __init__(self, rule):
            self.rule = rule

        def __getitem__(self, player) -> bool:
            return self.rule(player)

    def __init__(self, players: int):
        # world-local random state is saved for multiple generations running concurrently
        self.random = ThreadBarrierProxy(random.Random())
        self.players = players
        self.player_types = {player: NetUtils.SlotType.player for player in self.player_ids}
        self.glitch_triforce = False
        self.algorithm = 'balanced'
        self.groups = {}
        self.regions = []
        self.shops = []
        self.itempool = []
        self.seed = None
        self.seed_name: str = "Unavailable"
        self.precollected_items = {player: [] for player in self.player_ids}
        self._cached_entrances = None
        self._cached_locations = None
        self._entrance_cache = {}
        self._location_cache: Dict[Tuple[str, int], Location] = {}
        self.required_locations = []
        self.light_world_light_cone = False
        self.dark_world_light_cone = False
        self.rupoor_cost = 10
        self.aga_randomness = True
        self.save_and_quit_from_boss = True
        self.custom = False
        self.customitemarray = []
        self.shuffle_ganon = True
        self.spoiler = Spoiler(self)
        self.early_items = {player: {} for player in self.player_ids}
        self.local_early_items = {player: {} for player in self.player_ids}
        self.indirect_connections = {}
        self.start_inventory_from_pool: Dict[int, Options.StartInventoryPool] = {}
        self.fix_trock_doors = self.AttributeProxy(
            lambda player: self.shuffle[player] != 'vanilla' or self.mode[player] == 'inverted')
        self.fix_skullwoods_exit = self.AttributeProxy(
            lambda player: self.shuffle[player] not in ['vanilla', 'simple', 'restricted', 'dungeonssimple'])
        self.fix_palaceofdarkness_exit = self.AttributeProxy(
            lambda player: self.shuffle[player] not in ['vanilla', 'simple', 'restricted', 'dungeonssimple'])
        self.fix_trock_exit = self.AttributeProxy(
            lambda player: self.shuffle[player] not in ['vanilla', 'simple', 'restricted', 'dungeonssimple'])

        for player in range(1, players + 1):
            def set_player_attr(attr, val):
                self.__dict__.setdefault(attr, {})[player] = val

            set_player_attr('_region_cache', {})
            set_player_attr('shuffle', "vanilla")
            set_player_attr('logic', "noglitches")
            set_player_attr('mode', 'open')
            set_player_attr('difficulty', 'normal')
            set_player_attr('item_functionality', 'normal')
            set_player_attr('timer', False)
            set_player_attr('goal', 'ganon')
            set_player_attr('required_medallions', ['Ether', 'Quake'])
            set_player_attr('swamp_patch_required', False)
            set_player_attr('powder_patch_required', False)
            set_player_attr('ganon_at_pyramid', True)
            set_player_attr('ganonstower_vanilla', True)
            set_player_attr('can_access_trock_eyebridge', None)
            set_player_attr('can_access_trock_front', None)
            set_player_attr('can_access_trock_big_chest', None)
            set_player_attr('can_access_trock_middle', None)
            set_player_attr('fix_fake_world', True)
            set_player_attr('difficulty_requirements', None)
            set_player_attr('boss_shuffle', 'none')
            set_player_attr('enemy_health', 'default')
            set_player_attr('enemy_damage', 'default')
            set_player_attr('beemizer_total_chance', 0)
            set_player_attr('beemizer_trap_chance', 0)
            set_player_attr('escape_assist', [])
            set_player_attr('treasure_hunt_icon', 'Triforce Piece')
            set_player_attr('treasure_hunt_count', 0)
            set_player_attr('clock_mode', False)
            set_player_attr('countdown_start_time', 10)
            set_player_attr('red_clock_time', -2)
            set_player_attr('blue_clock_time', 2)
            set_player_attr('green_clock_time', 4)
            set_player_attr('can_take_damage', True)
            set_player_attr('triforce_pieces_available', 30)
            set_player_attr('triforce_pieces_required', 20)
            set_player_attr('shop_shuffle', 'off')
            set_player_attr('shuffle_prizes', "g")
            set_player_attr('sprite_pool', [])
            set_player_attr('dark_room_logic', "lamp")
            set_player_attr('plando_items', [])
            set_player_attr('plando_texts', {})
            set_player_attr('plando_connections', [])
            set_player_attr('game', "A Link to the Past")
            set_player_attr('completion_condition', lambda state: True)
        self.custom_data = {}
        self.worlds = {}
        self.per_slot_randoms = {}
        self.plando_options = PlandoOptions.none

    def get_all_ids(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
        return self.player_ids + tuple(self.groups)

    def add_group(self, name: str, game: str, players: Set[int] = frozenset()) -> Tuple[int, Group]:
        """Create a group with name and return the assigned player ID and group.
        If a group of this name already exists, the set of players is extended instead of creating a new one."""
        for group_id, group in self.groups.items():
            if group["name"] == name:
                group["players"] |= players
                return group_id, group
        new_id: int = self.players + len(self.groups) + 1

        self.game[new_id] = game
        self.custom_data[new_id] = {}
        self.player_types[new_id] = NetUtils.SlotType.group
        self._region_cache[new_id] = {}
        world_type = AutoWorld.AutoWorldRegister.world_types[game]
        for option_key, option in world_type.option_definitions.items():
            getattr(self, option_key)[new_id] = option(option.default)
        for option_key, option in Options.common_options.items():
            getattr(self, option_key)[new_id] = option(option.default)
        for option_key, option in Options.per_game_common_options.items():
            getattr(self, option_key)[new_id] = option(option.default)

        self.worlds[new_id] = world_type(self, new_id)
        self.worlds[new_id].collect_item = classmethod(AutoWorld.World.collect_item).__get__(self.worlds[new_id])
        self.player_name[new_id] = name

        new_group = self.groups[new_id] = Group(name=name, game=game, players=players,
                                                world=self.worlds[new_id])

        return new_id, new_group

    def get_player_groups(self, player) -> Set[int]:
        return {group_id for group_id, group in self.groups.items() if player in group["players"]}

    def set_seed(self, seed: Optional[int] = None, secure: bool = False, name: Optional[str] = None):
        self.seed = get_seed(seed)
        if secure:
            self.secure()
        else:
            self.random.seed(self.seed)
        self.seed_name = name if name else str(self.seed)
        self.per_slot_randoms = {player: random.Random(self.random.getrandbits(64)) for player in
                                 range(1, self.players + 1)}

    def set_options(self, args: Namespace) -> None:
        for option_key in Options.common_options:
            setattr(self, option_key, getattr(args, option_key, {}))
        for option_key in Options.per_game_common_options:
            setattr(self, option_key, getattr(args, option_key, {}))

        for player in self.player_ids:
            self.custom_data[player] = {}
            world_type = AutoWorld.AutoWorldRegister.world_types[self.game[player]]
            for option_key in world_type.option_definitions:
                setattr(self, option_key, getattr(args, option_key, {}))

            self.worlds[player] = world_type(self, player)

    def set_item_links(self):
        item_links = {}
        replacement_prio = [False, True, None]
        for player in self.player_ids:
            for item_link in self.item_links[player].value:
                if item_link["name"] in item_links:
                    if item_links[item_link["name"]]["game"] != self.game[player]:
                        raise Exception(f"Cannot ItemLink across games. Link: {item_link['name']}")
                    current_link = item_links[item_link["name"]]
                    current_link["players"][player] = item_link["replacement_item"]
                    current_link["item_pool"] &= set(item_link["item_pool"])
                    current_link["exclude"] |= set(item_link.get("exclude", []))
                    current_link["local_items"] &= set(item_link.get("local_items", []))
                    current_link["non_local_items"] &= set(item_link.get("non_local_items", []))
                    current_link["link_replacement"] = min(current_link["link_replacement"],
                                                           replacement_prio.index(item_link["link_replacement"]))
                else:
                    if item_link["name"] in self.player_name.values():
                        raise Exception(f"Cannot name a ItemLink group the same as a player ({item_link['name']}) "
                                        f"({self.get_player_name(player)}).")
                    item_links[item_link["name"]] = {
                        "players": {player: item_link["replacement_item"]},
                        "item_pool": set(item_link["item_pool"]),
                        "exclude": set(item_link.get("exclude", [])),
                        "game": self.game[player],
                        "local_items": set(item_link.get("local_items", [])),
                        "non_local_items": set(item_link.get("non_local_items", [])),
                        "link_replacement": replacement_prio.index(item_link["link_replacement"]),
                    }

        for name, item_link in item_links.items():
            current_item_name_groups = AutoWorld.AutoWorldRegister.world_types[item_link["game"]].item_name_groups
            pool = set()
            local_items = set()
            non_local_items = set()
            for item in item_link["item_pool"]:
                pool |= current_item_name_groups.get(item, {item})
            for item in item_link["exclude"]:
                pool -= current_item_name_groups.get(item, {item})
            for item in item_link["local_items"]:
                local_items |= current_item_name_groups.get(item, {item})
            for item in item_link["non_local_items"]:
                non_local_items |= current_item_name_groups.get(item, {item})
            local_items &= pool
            non_local_items &= pool
            item_link["item_pool"] = pool
            item_link["local_items"] = local_items
            item_link["non_local_items"] = non_local_items

        for group_name, item_link in item_links.items():
            game = item_link["game"]
            group_id, group = self.add_group(group_name, game, set(item_link["players"]))

            group["item_pool"] = item_link["item_pool"]
            group["replacement_items"] = item_link["players"]
            group["local_items"] = item_link["local_items"]
            group["non_local_items"] = item_link["non_local_items"]
            group["link_replacement"] = replacement_prio[item_link["link_replacement"]]

    # intended for unittests
    def set_default_common_options(self):
        for option_key, option in Options.common_options.items():
            setattr(self, option_key, {player_id: option(option.default) for player_id in self.player_ids})
        for option_key, option in Options.per_game_common_options.items():
            setattr(self, option_key, {player_id: option(option.default) for player_id in self.player_ids})
        self.state = CollectionState(self)

    def secure(self):
        self.random = ThreadBarrierProxy(secrets.SystemRandom())
        self.is_race = True

    @functools.cached_property
    def player_ids(self) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
        return tuple(range(1, self.players + 1))

    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_game_players(self, game_name: str) -> Tuple[int, ...]:
        return tuple(player for player in self.player_ids if self.game[player] == game_name)

    @functools.lru_cache()
    def get_game_worlds(self, game_name: str):
        return tuple(world for player, world in self.worlds.items() if
                     player not in self.groups and self.game[player] == game_name)

    def get_name_string_for_object(self, obj) -> str:
        return obj.name if self.players == 1 else f'{obj.name} ({self.get_player_name(obj.player)})'

    def get_player_name(self, player: int) -> str:
        return self.player_name[player]

    def get_file_safe_player_name(self, player: int) -> str:
        return Utils.get_file_safe_name(self.get_player_name(player))

    def get_out_file_name_base(self, player: int) -> str:
        """ the base name (without file extension) for each player's output file for a seed """
        return f"AP_{self.seed_name}_P{player}_{self.get_file_safe_player_name(player).replace(' ', '_')}"

    def initialize_regions(self, regions=None):
        for region in regions if regions else self.regions:
            region.multiworld = self
            self._region_cache[region.player][region.name] = region

    @functools.cached_property
    def world_name_lookup(self):
        return {self.player_name[player_id]: player_id for player_id in self.player_ids}

    def _recache(self):
        """Rebuild world cache"""
        self._cached_locations = None
        for region in self.regions:
            player = region.player
            self._region_cache[player][region.name] = region
            for exit in region.exits:
                self._entrance_cache[exit.name, player] = exit

            for r_location in region.locations:
                self._location_cache[r_location.name, player] = r_location

    def get_regions(self, player=None):
        return self.regions if player is None else self._region_cache[player].values()

    def get_region(self, regionname: str, player: int) -> Region:
        try:
            return self._region_cache[player][regionname]
        except KeyError:
            self._recache()
            return self._region_cache[player][regionname]

    def get_entrance(self, entrance: str, player: int) -> Entrance:
        try:
            return self._entrance_cache[entrance, player]
        except KeyError:
            self._recache()
            return self._entrance_cache[entrance, player]

    def get_location(self, location: str, player: int) -> Location:
        try:
            return self._location_cache[location, player]
        except KeyError:
            self._recache()
            return self._location_cache[location, player]

    def get_all_state(self, use_cache: bool) -> CollectionState:
        cached = getattr(self, "_all_state", None)
        if use_cache and cached:
            return cached.copy()

        ret = CollectionState(self)

        for item in self.itempool:
            self.worlds[item.player].collect(ret, item)
        for player in self.player_ids:
            subworld = self.worlds[player]
            for item in subworld.get_pre_fill_items():
                subworld.collect(ret, item)
        ret.sweep_for_events()

        if use_cache:
            self._all_state = ret
        return ret

    def get_items(self) -> List[Item]:
        return [loc.item for loc in self.get_filled_locations()] + self.itempool

    def find_item_locations(self, item, player: int, resolve_group_locations: bool = False) -> List[Location]:
        if resolve_group_locations:
            player_groups = self.get_player_groups(player)
            return [location for location in self.get_locations() if
                    location.item and location.item.name == item and location.player not in player_groups and
                    (location.item.player == player or location.item.player in player_groups)]
        return [location for location in self.get_locations() if
                location.item and location.item.name == item and location.item.player == player]

    def find_item(self, item, player: int) -> Location:
        return next(location for location in self.get_locations() if
                    location.item and location.item.name == item and location.item.player == player)

    def find_items_in_locations(self, items: Set[str], player: int, resolve_group_locations: bool = False) -> List[Location]:
        if resolve_group_locations:
            player_groups = self.get_player_groups(player)
            return [location for location in self.get_locations() if
                    location.item and location.item.name in items and location.player not in player_groups and
                    (location.item.player == player or location.item.player in player_groups)]
        return [location for location in self.get_locations() if
                location.item and location.item.name in items and location.item.player == player]

    def create_item(self, item_name: str, player: int) -> Item:
        return self.worlds[player].create_item(item_name)

    def push_precollected(self, item: Item):
        self.precollected_items[item.player].append(item)
        self.state.collect(item, True)

    def push_item(self, location: Location, item: Item, collect: bool = True):
        location.item = item
        item.location = location
        if collect:
            self.state.collect(item, location.event, location)

        logging.debug('Placed %s at %s', item, location)

    def get_entrances(self) -> List[Entrance]:
        if self._cached_entrances is None:
            self._cached_entrances = [entrance for region in self.regions for entrance in region.entrances]
        return self._cached_entrances

    def clear_entrance_cache(self):
        self._cached_entrances = None

    def register_indirect_condition(self, region: Region, entrance: Entrance):
        """Report that access to this Region can result in unlocking this Entrance,
        state.can_reach(Region) in the Entrance's traversal condition, as opposed to pure transition logic."""
        self.indirect_connections.setdefault(region, set()).add(entrance)

    def get_locations(self, player: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Location]:
        if self._cached_locations is None:
            self._cached_locations = [location for region in self.regions for location in region.locations]
        if player is not None:
            return [location for location in self._cached_locations if location.player == player]
        return self._cached_locations

    def clear_location_cache(self):
        self._cached_locations = None

    def get_unfilled_locations(self, player: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Location]:
        return [location for location in self.get_locations(player) if location.item is None]

    def get_filled_locations(self, player: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Location]:
        return [location for location in self.get_locations(player) if location.item is not None]

    def get_reachable_locations(self, state: Optional[CollectionState] = None, player: Optional[int] = None) -> List[Location]:
        state: CollectionState = state if state else self.state
        return [location for location in self.get_locations(player) if location.can_reach(state)]

    def get_placeable_locations(self, state=None, player=None) -> List[Location]:
        state: CollectionState = state if state else self.state
        return [location for location in self.get_locations(player) if location.item is None and location.can_reach(state)]

    def get_unfilled_locations_for_players(self, location_names: List[str], players: Iterable[int]):
        for player in players:
            if not location_names:
                location_names = [location.name for location in self.get_unfilled_locations(player)]
            for location_name in location_names:
                location = self._location_cache.get((location_name, player), None)
                if location is not None and location.item is None:
                    yield location

    def unlocks_new_location(self, item: Item) -> bool:
        temp_state = self.state.copy()
        temp_state.collect(item, True)

        for location in self.get_unfilled_locations():
            if temp_state.can_reach(location) and not self.state.can_reach(location):
                return True

        return False

    def has_beaten_game(self, state: CollectionState, player: Optional[int] = None) -> bool:
        if player:
            return self.completion_condition[player](state)
        else:
            return all((self.has_beaten_game(state, p) for p in range(1, self.players + 1)))

    def can_beat_game(self, starting_state: Optional[CollectionState] = None):
        if starting_state:
            if self.has_beaten_game(starting_state):
                return True
            state = starting_state.copy()
        else:
            if self.has_beaten_game(self.state):
                return True
            state = CollectionState(self)
        prog_locations = {location for location in self.get_locations() if location.item
                          and location.item.advancement and location not in state.locations_checked}

        while prog_locations:
            sphere = set()
            # build up spheres of collection radius.
            # Everything in each sphere is independent from each other in dependencies and only depends on lower spheres
            for location in prog_locations:
                if location.can_reach(state):
                    sphere.add(location)

            if not sphere:
                # ran out of places and did not finish yet, quit
                return False

            for location in sphere:
                state.collect(location.item, True, location)
            prog_locations -= sphere

            if self.has_beaten_game(state):
                return True

        return False

    def get_spheres(self):
        state = CollectionState(self)
        locations = set(self.get_filled_locations())

        while locations:
            sphere = set()

            for location in locations:
                if location.can_reach(state):
                    sphere.add(location)
            yield sphere
            if not sphere:
                if locations:
                    yield locations  # unreachable locations
                break

            for location in sphere:
                state.collect(location.item, True, location)
            locations -= sphere

    def fulfills_accessibility(self, state: Optional[CollectionState] = None):
        """Check if accessibility rules are fulfilled with current or supplied state."""
        if not state:
            state = CollectionState(self)
        players: Dict[str, Set[int]] = {
            "minimal": set(),
            "items": set(),
            "locations": set()
        }
        for player, access in self.accessibility.items():
            players[access.current_key].add(player)

        beatable_fulfilled = False

        def location_condition(location: Location):
            """Determine if this location has to be accessible, location is already filtered by location_relevant"""
            if location.player in players["minimal"]:
                return False
            return True

        def location_relevant(location: Location):
            """Determine if this location is relevant to sweep."""
            if location.progress_type != LocationProgressType.EXCLUDED \
                and (location.player in players["locations"] or location.event
                     or (location.item and location.item.advancement)):
                return True
            return False

        def all_done() -> bool:
            """Check if all access rules are fulfilled"""
            if not beatable_fulfilled:
                return False
            if any(location_condition(location) for location in locations):
                return False  # still locations required to be collected
            return True

        locations = [location for location in self.get_locations() if location_relevant(location)]

        while locations:
            sphere: List[Location] = []
            for n in range(len(locations) - 1, -1, -1):
                if locations[n].can_reach(state):
                    sphere.append(locations.pop(n))

            if not sphere:
                # ran out of places and did not finish yet, quit
                logging.warning(f"Could not access required locations for accessibility check."
                                f" Missing: {locations}")
                return False

            for location in sphere:
                if location.item:
                    state.collect(location.item, True, location)

            if self.has_beaten_game(state):
                beatable_fulfilled = True

            if all_done():
                return True

        return False


PathValue = Tuple[str, Optional["PathValue"]]


class CollectionState():
    prog_items: typing.Counter[Tuple[str, int]]
    multiworld: MultiWorld
    reachable_regions: Dict[int, Set[Region]]
    blocked_connections: Dict[int, Set[Entrance]]
    events: Set[Location]
    path: Dict[Union[Region, Entrance], PathValue]
    locations_checked: Set[Location]
    stale: Dict[int, bool]
    additional_init_functions: List[Callable[[CollectionState, MultiWorld], None]] = []
    additional_copy_functions: List[Callable[[CollectionState, CollectionState], CollectionState]] = []

    def __init__(self, parent: MultiWorld):
        self.prog_items = Counter()
        self.multiworld = parent
        self.reachable_regions = {player: set() for player in parent.get_all_ids()}
        self.blocked_connections = {player: set() for player in parent.get_all_ids()}
        self.events = set()
        self.path = {}
        self.locations_checked = set()
        self.stale = {player: True for player in parent.get_all_ids()}
        for function in self.additional_init_functions:
            function(self, parent)
        for items in parent.precollected_items.values():
            for item in items:
                self.collect(item, True)

    def update_reachable_regions(self, player: int):
        self.stale[player] = False
        rrp = self.reachable_regions[player]
        bc = self.blocked_connections[player]
        queue = deque(self.blocked_connections[player])
        start = self.multiworld.get_region('Menu', player)

        # init on first call - this can't be done on construction since the regions don't exist yet
        if start not in rrp:
            rrp.add(start)
            bc.update(start.exits)
            queue.extend(start.exits)

        # run BFS on all connections, and keep track of those blocked by missing items
        while queue:
            connection = queue.popleft()
            new_region = connection.connected_region
            if new_region in rrp:
                bc.remove(connection)
            elif connection.can_reach(self):
                assert new_region, f"tried to search through an Entrance \"{connection}\" with no Region"
                rrp.add(new_region)
                bc.remove(connection)
                bc.update(new_region.exits)
                queue.extend(new_region.exits)
                self.path[new_region] = (new_region.name, self.path.get(connection, None))

                # Retry connections if the new region can unblock them
                for new_entrance in self.multiworld.indirect_connections.get(new_region, set()):
                    if new_entrance in bc and new_entrance not in queue:
                        queue.append(new_entrance)

    def copy(self) -> CollectionState:
        ret = CollectionState(self.multiworld)
        ret.prog_items = self.prog_items.copy()
        ret.reachable_regions = {player: copy.copy(self.reachable_regions[player]) for player in
                                 self.reachable_regions}
        ret.blocked_connections = {player: copy.copy(self.blocked_connections[player]) for player in
                                   self.blocked_connections}
        ret.events = copy.copy(self.events)
        ret.path = copy.copy(self.path)
        ret.locations_checked = copy.copy(self.locations_checked)
        for function in self.additional_copy_functions:
            ret = function(self, ret)
        return ret

    def can_reach(self,
                  spot: Union[Location, Entrance, Region, str],
                  resolution_hint: Optional[str] = None,
                  player: Optional[int] = None) -> bool:
        if isinstance(spot, str):
            assert isinstance(player, int), "can_reach: player is required if spot is str"
            # try to resolve a name
            if resolution_hint == 'Location':
                spot = self.multiworld.get_location(spot, player)
            elif resolution_hint == 'Entrance':
                spot = self.multiworld.get_entrance(spot, player)
            else:
                # default to Region
                spot = self.multiworld.get_region(spot, player)
        return spot.can_reach(self)

    def sweep_for_events(self, key_only: bool = False, locations: Optional[Iterable[Location]] = None) -> None:
        if locations is None:
            locations = self.multiworld.get_filled_locations()
        reachable_events = True
        # since the loop has a good chance to run more than once, only filter the events once
        locations = {location for location in locations if location.event and location not in self.events and
                     not key_only or getattr(location.item, "locked_dungeon_item", False)}
        while reachable_events:
            reachable_events = {location for location in locations if location.can_reach(self)}
            locations -= reachable_events
            for event in reachable_events:
                self.events.add(event)
                assert isinstance(event.item, Item), "tried to collect Event with no Item"
                self.collect(event.item, True, event)

    def has(self, item: str, player: int, count: int = 1) -> bool:
        return self.prog_items[item, player] >= count

    def has_all(self, items: Set[str], player: int) -> bool:
        """Returns True if each item name of items is in state at least once."""
        return all(self.prog_items[item, player] for item in items)

    def has_any(self, items: Set[str], player: int) -> bool:
        """Returns True if at least one item name of items is in state at least once."""
        return any(self.prog_items[item, player] for item in items)

    def count(self, item: str, player: int) -> int:
        return self.prog_items[item, player]

    def has_group(self, item_name_group: str, player: int, count: int = 1) -> bool:
        found: int = 0
        for item_name in self.multiworld.worlds[player].item_name_groups[item_name_group]:
            found += self.prog_items[item_name, player]
            if found >= count:
                return True
        return False

    def count_group(self, item_name_group: str, player: int) -> int:
        found: int = 0
        for item_name in self.multiworld.worlds[player].item_name_groups[item_name_group]:
            found += self.prog_items[item_name, player]
        return found

    def item_count(self, item: str, player: int) -> int:
        return self.prog_items[item, player]

    def collect(self, item: Item, event: bool = False, location: Optional[Location] = None) -> bool:
        if location:
            self.locations_checked.add(location)

        changed = self.multiworld.worlds[item.player].collect(self, item)

        if not changed and event:
            self.prog_items[item.name, item.player] += 1
            changed = True

        self.stale[item.player] = True

        if changed and not event:
            self.sweep_for_events()

        return changed

    def remove(self, item: Item):
        changed = self.multiworld.worlds[item.player].remove(self, item)
        if changed:
            # invalidate caches, nothing can be trusted anymore now
            self.reachable_regions[item.player] = set()
            self.blocked_connections[item.player] = set()
            self.stale[item.player] = True


class Region:
    name: str
    _hint_text: str
    player: int
    multiworld: Optional[MultiWorld]
    entrances: List[Entrance]
    exits: List[Entrance]
    locations: List[Location]

    def __init__(self, name: str, player: int, multiworld: MultiWorld, hint: Optional[str] = None):
        self.name = name
        self.entrances = []
        self.exits = []
        self.locations = []
        self.multiworld = multiworld
        self._hint_text = hint
        self.player = player

    def can_reach(self, state: CollectionState) -> bool:
        if state.stale[self.player]:
            state.update_reachable_regions(self.player)
        return self in state.reachable_regions[self.player]

    def can_reach_private(self, state: CollectionState) -> bool:
        for entrance in self.entrances:
            if entrance.can_reach(state):
                if not self in state.path:
                    state.path[self] = (self.name, state.path.get(entrance, None))
                return True
        return False

    @property
    def hint_text(self) -> str:
        return self._hint_text if self._hint_text else self.name

    def get_connecting_entrance(self, is_main_entrance: typing.Callable[[Entrance], bool]) -> Entrance:
        for entrance in self.entrances:
            if is_main_entrance(entrance):
                return entrance
        for entrance in self.entrances:  # BFS might be better here, trying DFS for now.
            return entrance.parent_region.get_connecting_entrance(is_main_entrance)

    def add_locations(self, locations: Dict[str, Optional[int]], location_type: Optional[typing.Type[Location]] = None) -> None:
        """Adds locations to the Region object, where location_type is your Location class and locations is a dict of
        location names to address."""
        if location_type is None:
            location_type = Location
        for location, address in locations.items():
            self.locations.append(location_type(self.player, location, address, self))

    def add_exits(self, exits: Dict[str, Optional[str]], rules: Dict[str, Callable[[CollectionState], bool]] = None) -> None:
        """
        Connects current region to regions in exit dictionary. Passed region names must exist first.

        :param exits: exits from the region. format is {"connecting_region", "exit_name"}
        :param rules: rules for the exits from this region. format is {"connecting_region", rule}
        """
        for exiting_region, name in exits.items():
            ret = Entrance(self.player, name, self) if name \
                else Entrance(self.player, f"{self.name} -> {exiting_region}", self)
            if rules and exiting_region in rules:
                ret.access_rule = rules[exiting_region]
            self.exits.append(ret)
            ret.connect(self.multiworld.get_region(exiting_region, self.player))

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self):
        return self.multiworld.get_name_string_for_object(self) if self.multiworld else f'{self.name} (Player {self.player})'


class Entrance:
    access_rule: Callable[[CollectionState], bool] = staticmethod(lambda state: True)
    hide_path: bool = False
    player: int
    name: str
    parent_region: Optional[Region]
    connected_region: Optional[Region] = None
    # LttP specific, TODO: should make a LttPEntrance
    addresses = None
    target = None

    def __init__(self, player: int, name: str = '', parent: Region = None):
        self.name = name
        self.parent_region = parent
        self.player = player

    def can_reach(self, state: CollectionState) -> bool:
        if self.parent_region.can_reach(state) and self.access_rule(state):
            if not self.hide_path and not self in state.path:
                state.path[self] = (self.name, state.path.get(self.parent_region, (self.parent_region.name, None)))
            return True

        return False

    def connect(self, region: Region, addresses: Any = None, target: Any = None) -> None:
        self.connected_region = region
        self.target = target
        self.addresses = addresses
        region.entrances.append(self)

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self):
        world = self.parent_region.multiworld if self.parent_region else None
        return world.get_name_string_for_object(self) if world else f'{self.name} (Player {self.player})'


class LocationProgressType(IntEnum):
    DEFAULT = 1
    PRIORITY = 2
    EXCLUDED = 3


class Location:
    game: str = "Generic"
    player: int
    name: str
    address: Optional[int]
    parent_region: Optional[Region]
    event: bool = False
    locked: bool = False
    show_in_spoiler: bool = True
    progress_type: LocationProgressType = LocationProgressType.DEFAULT
    always_allow = staticmethod(lambda item, state: False)
    access_rule: Callable[[CollectionState], bool] = staticmethod(lambda state: True)
    item_rule = staticmethod(lambda item: True)
    item: Optional[Item] = None

    def __init__(self, player: int, name: str = '', address: Optional[int] = None, parent: Optional[Region] = None):
        self.player = player
        self.name = name
        self.address = address
        self.parent_region = parent

    def can_fill(self, state: CollectionState, item: Item, check_access=True) -> bool:
        return ((self.always_allow(state, item) and item.name not in state.multiworld.non_local_items[item.player])
                or ((self.progress_type != LocationProgressType.EXCLUDED or not (item.advancement or item.useful))
                    and self.item_rule(item)
                    and (not check_access or self.can_reach(state))))

    def can_reach(self, state: CollectionState) -> bool:
        # self.access_rule computes faster on average, so placing it first for faster abort
        assert self.parent_region, "Can't reach location without region"
        return self.access_rule(state) and self.parent_region.can_reach(state)

    def place_locked_item(self, item: Item):
        if self.item:
            raise Exception(f"Location {self} already filled.")
        self.item = item
        item.location = self
        self.event = item.advancement
        self.locked = True

    def __repr__(self):
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self):
        world = self.parent_region.multiworld if self.parent_region and self.parent_region.multiworld else None
        return world.get_name_string_for_object(self) if world else f'{self.name} (Player {self.player})'

    def __hash__(self):
        return hash((self.name, self.player))

    def __lt__(self, other: Location):
        return (self.player, self.name) < (other.player, other.name)

    @property
    def native_item(self) -> bool:
        """Returns True if the item in this location matches game."""
        return self.item and self.item.game == self.game

    @property
    def hint_text(self) -> str:
        hint_text = getattr(self, "_hint_text", None)
        if hint_text:
            return hint_text
        return "at " + self.name.replace("_", " ").replace("-", " ")


class ItemClassification(IntFlag):
    filler = 0b0000  # aka trash, as in filler items like ammo, currency etc,
    progression = 0b0001  # Item that is logically relevant
    useful = 0b0010  # Item that is generally quite useful, but not required for anything logical
    trap = 0b0100  # detrimental or entirely useless (nothing) item
    skip_balancing = 0b1000  # should technically never occur on its own
    # Item that is logically relevant, but progression balancing should not touch.
    # Typically currency or other counted items.
    progression_skip_balancing = 0b1001  # only progression gets balanced

    def as_flag(self) -> int:
        """As Network API flag int."""
        return int(self & 0b0111)


class Item:
    game: str = "Generic"
    __slots__ = ("name", "classification", "code", "player", "location")
    name: str
    classification: ItemClassification
    code: Optional[int]
    """an item with code None is called an Event, and does not get written to multidata"""
    player: int
    location: Optional[Location]

    def __init__(self, name: str, classification: ItemClassification, code: Optional[int], player: int):
        self.name = name
        self.classification = classification
        self.player = player
        self.code = code
        self.location = None

    @property
    def hint_text(self) -> str:
        return getattr(self, "_hint_text", self.name.replace("_", " ").replace("-", " "))

    @property
    def pedestal_hint_text(self) -> str:
        return getattr(self, "_pedestal_hint_text", self.name.replace("_", " ").replace("-", " "))

    @property
    def advancement(self) -> bool:
        return ItemClassification.progression in self.classification

    @property
    def skip_in_prog_balancing(self) -> bool:
        return ItemClassification.progression_skip_balancing in self.classification

    @property
    def useful(self) -> bool:
        return ItemClassification.useful in self.classification

    @property
    def trap(self) -> bool:
        return ItemClassification.trap in self.classification

    @property
    def flags(self) -> int:
        return self.classification.as_flag()

    def __eq__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Item):
            return NotImplemented
        return self.name == other.name and self.player == other.player

    def __lt__(self, other: object) -> bool:
        if not isinstance(other, Item):
            return NotImplemented
        if other.player != self.player:
            return other.player < self.player
        return self.name < other.name

    def __hash__(self) -> int:
        return hash((self.name, self.player))

    def __repr__(self) -> str:
        return self.__str__()

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        if self.location and self.location.parent_region and self.location.parent_region.multiworld:
            return self.location.parent_region.multiworld.get_name_string_for_object(self)
        return f"{self.name} (Player {self.player})"


class EntranceInfo(TypedDict, total=False):
    player: int
    entrance: str
    exit: str
    direction: str


class Spoiler:
    multiworld: MultiWorld
    hashes: Dict[int, str]
    entrances: Dict[Tuple[str, str, int], EntranceInfo]
    playthrough: Dict[str, Union[List[str], Dict[str, str]]]  # sphere "0" is list, others are dict
    unreachables: Set[Location]
    paths: Dict[str, List[Union[Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, None]]]]  # last step takes no further exits

    def __init__(self, multiworld: MultiWorld) -> None:
        self.multiworld = multiworld
        self.hashes = {}
        self.entrances = {}
        self.playthrough = {}
        self.unreachables = set()
        self.paths = {}

    def set_entrance(self, entrance: str, exit_: str, direction: str, player: int) -> None:
        if self.multiworld.players == 1:
            self.entrances[(entrance, direction, player)] = \
                {"entrance": entrance, "exit": exit_, "direction": direction}
        else:
            self.entrances[(entrance, direction, player)] = \
                {"player": player, "entrance": entrance, "exit": exit_, "direction": direction}

    def create_playthrough(self, create_paths: bool = True) -> None:
        """Destructive to the world while it is run, damage gets repaired afterwards."""
        from itertools import chain
        # get locations containing progress items
        multiworld = self.multiworld
        prog_locations = {location for location in multiworld.get_filled_locations() if location.item.advancement}
        state_cache: List[Optional[CollectionState]] = [None]
        collection_spheres: List[Set[Location]] = []
        state = CollectionState(multiworld)
        sphere_candidates = set(prog_locations)
        logging.debug('Building up collection spheres.')
        while sphere_candidates:

            # build up spheres of collection radius.
            # Everything in each sphere is independent from each other in dependencies and only depends on lower spheres

            sphere = {location for location in sphere_candidates if state.can_reach(location)}

            for location in sphere:
                state.collect(location.item, True, location)

            sphere_candidates -= sphere
            collection_spheres.append(sphere)
            state_cache.append(state.copy())

            logging.debug('Calculated sphere %i, containing %i of %i progress items.', len(collection_spheres),
                          len(sphere),
                          len(prog_locations))
            if not sphere:
                logging.debug('The following items could not be reached: %s', ['%s (Player %d) at %s (Player %d)' % (
                    location.item.name, location.item.player, location.name, location.player) for location in
                                                                               sphere_candidates])
                if any([multiworld.accessibility[location.item.player] != 'minimal' for location in sphere_candidates]):
                    raise RuntimeError(f'Not all progression items reachable ({sphere_candidates}). '
                                       f'Something went terribly wrong here.')
                else:
                    self.unreachables = sphere_candidates
                    break

        # in the second phase, we cull each sphere such that the game is still beatable,
        # reducing each range of influence to the bare minimum required inside it
        restore_later = {}
        for num, sphere in reversed(tuple(enumerate(collection_spheres))):
            to_delete = set()
            for location in sphere:
                # we remove the item at location and check if game is still beatable
                logging.debug('Checking if %s (Player %d) is required to beat the game.', location.item.name,
                              location.item.player)
                old_item = location.item
                location.item = None
                if multiworld.can_beat_game(state_cache[num]):
                    to_delete.add(location)
                    restore_later[location] = old_item
                else:
                    # still required, got to keep it around
                    location.item = old_item

            # cull entries in spheres for spoiler walkthrough at end
            sphere -= to_delete

        # second phase, sphere 0
        removed_precollected = []
        for item in (i for i in chain.from_iterable(multiworld.precollected_items.values()) if i.advancement):
            logging.debug('Checking if %s (Player %d) is required to beat the game.', item.name, item.player)
            multiworld.precollected_items[item.player].remove(item)
            multiworld.state.remove(item)
            if not multiworld.can_beat_game():
                multiworld.push_precollected(item)
            else:
                removed_precollected.append(item)

        # we are now down to just the required progress items in collection_spheres. Unfortunately
        # the previous pruning stage could potentially have made certain items dependant on others
        # in the same or later sphere (because the location had 2 ways to access but the item originally
        # used to access it was deemed not required.) So we need to do one final sphere collection pass
        # to build up the correct spheres

        required_locations = {item for sphere in collection_spheres for item in sphere}
        state = CollectionState(multiworld)
        collection_spheres = []
        while required_locations:
            state.sweep_for_events(key_only=True)

            sphere = set(filter(state.can_reach, required_locations))

            for location in sphere:
                state.collect(location.item, True, location)

            required_locations -= sphere

            collection_spheres.append(sphere)

            logging.debug('Calculated final sphere %i, containing %i of %i progress items.', len(collection_spheres),
                          len(sphere), len(required_locations))
            if not sphere:
                raise RuntimeError(f'Not all required items reachable. Unreachable locations: {required_locations}')

        # we can finally output our playthrough
        self.playthrough = {"0": sorted([self.multiworld.get_name_string_for_object(item) for item in
                                         chain.from_iterable(multiworld.precollected_items.values())
                                         if item.advancement])}

        for i, sphere in enumerate(collection_spheres):
            self.playthrough[str(i + 1)] = {
                str(location): str(location.item) for location in sorted(sphere)}
        if create_paths:
            self.create_paths(state, collection_spheres)

        # repair the multiworld again
        for location, item in restore_later.items():
            location.item = item

        for item in removed_precollected:
            multiworld.push_precollected(item)

    def create_paths(self, state: CollectionState, collection_spheres: List[Set[Location]]) -> None:
        from itertools import zip_longest
        multiworld = self.multiworld

        def flist_to_iter(path_value: Optional[PathValue]) -> Iterator[str]:
            while path_value:
                region_or_entrance, path_value = path_value
                yield region_or_entrance

        def get_path(state: CollectionState, region: Region) -> List[Union[Tuple[str, str], Tuple[str, None]]]:
            reversed_path_as_flist: PathValue = state.path.get(region, (str(region), None))
            string_path_flat = reversed(list(map(str, flist_to_iter(reversed_path_as_flist))))
            # Now we combine the flat string list into (region, exit) pairs
            pathsiter = iter(string_path_flat)
            pathpairs = zip_longest(pathsiter, pathsiter)
            return list(pathpairs)

        self.paths = {}
        topology_worlds = (player for player in multiworld.player_ids if multiworld.worlds[player].topology_present)
        for player in topology_worlds:
            self.paths.update(
                {str(location): get_path(state, location.parent_region)
                 for sphere in collection_spheres for location in sphere
                 if location.player == player})
            if player in multiworld.get_game_players("A Link to the Past"):
                # If Pyramid Fairy Entrance needs to be reached, also path to Big Bomb Shop
                # Maybe move the big bomb over to the Event system instead?
                if any(exit_path == 'Pyramid Fairy' for path in self.paths.values()
                       for (_, exit_path) in path):
                    if multiworld.mode[player] != 'inverted':
                        self.paths[str(multiworld.get_region('Big Bomb Shop', player))] = \
                            get_path(state, multiworld.get_region('Big Bomb Shop', player))
                    else:
                        self.paths[str(multiworld.get_region('Inverted Big Bomb Shop', player))] = \
                            get_path(state, multiworld.get_region('Inverted Big Bomb Shop', player))

    def to_file(self, filename: str) -> None:
        def write_option(option_key: str, option_obj: Options.AssembleOptions) -> None:
            res = getattr(self.multiworld, option_key)[player]
            display_name = getattr(option_obj, "display_name", option_key)
            outfile.write(f"{display_name + ':':33}{res.current_option_name}\n")

        with open(filename, 'w', encoding="utf-8-sig") as outfile:
            outfile.write(
                'Archipelago Version %s  -  Seed: %s\n\n' % (
                    Utils.__version__, self.multiworld.seed))
            outfile.write('Filling Algorithm:               %s\n' % self.multiworld.algorithm)
            outfile.write('Players:                         %d\n' % self.multiworld.players)
            outfile.write(f'Plando Options:                  {self.multiworld.plando_options}\n')
            AutoWorld.call_stage(self.multiworld, "write_spoiler_header", outfile)

            for player in range(1, self.multiworld.players + 1):
                if self.multiworld.players > 1:
                    outfile.write('\nPlayer %d: %s\n' % (player, self.multiworld.get_player_name(player)))
                outfile.write('Game:                            %s\n' % self.multiworld.game[player])

                options = ChainMap(Options.per_game_common_options, self.multiworld.worlds[player].option_definitions)
                for f_option, option in options.items():
                    write_option(f_option, option)

                AutoWorld.call_single(self.multiworld, "write_spoiler_header", player, outfile)

            if self.entrances:
                outfile.write('\n\nEntrances:\n\n')
                outfile.write('\n'.join(['%s%s %s %s' % (f'{self.multiworld.get_player_name(entry["player"])}: '
                                                         if self.multiworld.players > 1 else '', entry['entrance'],
                                                         '<=>' if entry['direction'] == 'both' else
                                                         '<=' if entry['direction'] == 'exit' else '=>',
                                                         entry['exit']) for entry in self.entrances.values()]))

            AutoWorld.call_all(self.multiworld, "write_spoiler", outfile)

            locations = [(str(location), str(location.item) if location.item is not None else "Nothing")
                         for location in self.multiworld.get_locations() if location.show_in_spoiler]
            outfile.write('\n\nLocations:\n\n')
            outfile.write('\n'.join(
                ['%s: %s' % (location, item) for location, item in locations]))

            outfile.write('\n\nPlaythrough:\n\n')
            outfile.write('\n'.join(['%s: {\n%s\n}' % (sphere_nr, '\n'.join(
                [f"  {location}: {item}" for (location, item) in sphere.items()] if isinstance(sphere, dict) else
                [f"  {item}" for item in sphere])) for (sphere_nr, sphere) in self.playthrough.items()]))
            if self.unreachables:
                outfile.write('\n\nUnreachable Items:\n\n')
                outfile.write(
                    '\n'.join(['%s: %s' % (unreachable.item, unreachable) for unreachable in self.unreachables]))

            if self.paths:
                outfile.write('\n\nPaths:\n\n')
                path_listings = []
                for location, path in sorted(self.paths.items()):
                    path_lines = []
                    for region, exit in path:
                        if exit is not None:
                            path_lines.append("{} -> {}".format(region, exit))
                        else:
                            path_lines.append(region)
                    path_listings.append("{}\n        {}".format(location, "\n   =>   ".join(path_lines)))

                outfile.write('\n'.join(path_listings))
            AutoWorld.call_all(self.multiworld, "write_spoiler_end", outfile)


class Tutorial(NamedTuple):
    """Class to build website tutorial pages from a .md file in the world's /docs folder. Order is as follows.
    Name of the tutorial as it will appear on the site. Concise description covering what the guide will entail.
    Language the guide is written in. Name of the file ex 'setup_en.md'. Name of the link on the site; game name is
    filled automatically so 'setup/en' etc. Author or authors."""
    tutorial_name: str
    description: str
    language: str
    file_name: str
    link: str
    authors: List[str]


class PlandoOptions(IntFlag):
    none = 0b0000
    items = 0b0001
    connections = 0b0010
    texts = 0b0100
    bosses = 0b1000

    @classmethod
    def from_option_string(cls, option_string: str) -> PlandoOptions:
        result = cls(0)
        for part in option_string.split(","):
            part = part.strip().lower()
            if part:
                result = cls._handle_part(part, result)
        return result

    @classmethod
    def from_set(cls, option_set: Set[str]) -> PlandoOptions:
        result = cls(0)
        for part in option_set:
            result = cls._handle_part(part, result)
        return result

    @classmethod
    def _handle_part(cls, part: str, base: PlandoOptions) -> PlandoOptions:
        try:
            return base | cls[part]
        except Exception as e:
            raise KeyError(f"{part} is not a recognized name for a plando module. "
                           f"Known options: {', '.join(str(flag.name) for flag in cls)}") from e

    def __str__(self) -> str:
        if self.value:
            return ", ".join(str(flag.name) for flag in PlandoOptions if self.value & flag.value)
        return "None"


seeddigits = 20


def get_seed(seed: Optional[int] = None) -> int:
    if seed is None:
        random.seed(None)
        return random.randint(0, pow(10, seeddigits) - 1)
    return seed


from worlds import AutoWorld

auto_world = AutoWorld.World