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<!doctype html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="utf-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1">
<meta name="description" content="">
<meta name="author" content="">
<title>ResearchWire</title>
<!-- CSS FILES -->
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<!-- Font Awesome link -->
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdnjs.cloudflare.com/ajax/libs/font-awesome/6.2.1/css/all.min.css"
integrity="sha512-MV7K8+y+gLIBoVD59lQIYicR65iaqukzvf/nwasF0nqhPay5w/9lJmVM2hMDcnK1OnMGCdVK+iQrJ7lzPJQd1w=="
crossorigin="anonymous" referrerpolicy="no-referrer" />
<!-- ChartJs CDN -->
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/chart.js"></script>
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<script src="https://cdn.plot.ly/plotly-latest.min.js"></script>
<!-- Boxicons CSS -->
<link href="https://unpkg.com/[email protected]/css/boxicons.min.css" rel="stylesheet" />
<!-- Data Plugin for chartJs -->
<script
src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/[email protected]/dist/chartjs-plugin-datalabels.min.js"></script>
<!-- Google Charts Js CDN -->
<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.gstatic.com/charts/loader.js"></script>
</head>
<body>
<main>
<section class="hero" id="hero">
<div class="heroText">
<!-- <h1 class="text-secondary-white-color mt-5 mb-lg-4" data-aos="zoom-in" style="position: relative;"
data-aos-delay="800">
researchwire
</h1> -->
<!-- <a href="https://www.researchwire.in/"><img src="images/mainlogo.png" alt=""
style=" filter: brightness(2);" srcset="" class="img-fluid"></a> -->
<!-- <p class="text-secondary-white-color" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="1000">
create a great video for your <strong class="custom-underline">website</strong>
</p> -->
</div>
<img src="images/bgMAIN2.png" alt="" id="mainbgimg">
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</div> -->
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</section>
<nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg bg-dark shadow-lg">
<div class="container nav-item navbar-nav" id="upnavbarintro"
style="display: flex; margin-left: 30vw;flex-direction: row;">
<a class="navbar-brand nav-link introbtn" href="#introductionmain" id="RWlogo">
<strong>Researchwire</strong>
</a>
<!-- <button style="margin-right: -53vw;" class="navbar-toggler" type="button" data-bs-toggle="collapse" data-bs-target="#navbarNav"
aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle navigation">
<span class="navbar-toggler-icon"></span>
</button> -->
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data-bs-target="#navbarNav" aria-controls="navbarNav" aria-expanded="false"
aria-label="Toggle navigation">
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</button>
<div class="collapse navbar-collapse" id="navbarNav">
<ul class="navbar-nav mx-auto" id="upnavbar">
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link introbtn" href="#introductionmain" id="centerME"
style="margin-left: -37vw;"><strong>
Introduction</strong></a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link chapter1btn" href="#chapter1">Chapter-1</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link chapter2btn" href="#about2">Chapter-2</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link chapter3btn" href="#about3">Chapter-3</a>
</li>
<li class="nav-item">
<a class="nav-link chapter4btn" href="#about4">Chapter-4</a>
</li>
</ul>
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</div> -->
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</nav>
<!-- Introduction Starts -->
<div id="introductionmain">
<section class="section-padding pb-0" id="about">
<div class="container mb-5 pb-lg-5">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-12">
<h2 class="mb-3 headingTXT" data-aos="fade-up">Introduction </h2>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-12 mt-3 mb-lg-5 Introparas" >
<p class="me-4" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="100" id="pg1p1"> </p>
</div>
<div class="col-lg-6 col-12 mt-lg-3 mb-lg-5 Introparas">
<p data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="500" id="pg1p2">
</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="container-fluid">
<div class="row">
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 p-0">
<img src="images/adobe/bul3.png" class="img-fluid about-image" alt="">
</div>
<div class="col-lg-3 col-12 bg-dark">
<div
class="d-flex flex-column flex-wrap justify-content-center h-100 py-5 px-4 pt-lg-4 pb-lg-0">
<h3 class="text-white mb-3 headingTXT" data-aos="fade-up">Insights for enabling
innovation
</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color headingTXT2" data-aos="fade-up">Over eleven years
in leading
intellectual property,technology & market research consulting.</p>
<div class="mt-3 custom-links">
<a class="text-white custom-link" href="https://www.researchwire.in/" target="_blank"
data-aos="zoom-in" data-aos-delay="100">Know More</a>
<!-- <a href="#contact" class="text-white custom-link" data-aos="zoom-in"
data-aos-delay="300">Work with Us</a> -->
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<section id="myCarousel" class="carousel slide carousel-fade" data-bs-ride="carousel">
<div class="carousel-inner">
<div class="carousel-item active">
<img src="images/people/D1.png" id="peopleIMG1" class="img-fluid team-image"
alt="">
<div class="team-thumb bg-warning">
<h3 class="text-white mb-0 headingTXT">Praveen Singh</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color mb-0 parasTXTCar">Co-Founder</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="images/people/D2.png" id="peopleIMG2" class="img-fluid team-image"
alt="">
<div class="team-thumb bg-primary">
<h3 class="text-white mb-0 headingTXT">Bikram Raj Kumar</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color mb-0 parasTXTCar">Co-Founder</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="images/people/D3_new.png" id="peopleIMG3" class="img-fluid team-image"
alt="">
<div class="team-thumb bg-success">
<h3 class="text-white mb-0 headingTXT">Pravin Shukla</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color mb-0 parasTXTCar">Director Marketing &
Business
Development</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="images/people/D44.png" id="peopleIMG4" class="img-fluid team-image"
alt="">
<div class="team-thumb bg-info">
<h3 class="text-white mb-0 headingTXT">Rohit Kumar</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color mb-0 parasTXTCar">Director Marketing &
Business
Development</p>
</div>
</div>
<div class="carousel-item">
<img src="images/people/hr2.png" id="peopleIMG5" class="img-fluid team-image"
alt="">
<div class="team-thumb bg-danger">
<h3 class="text-white mb-0 headingTXT">Smriti Nandekar</h3>
<p class="text-secondary-white-color mb-0 parasTXTCar">HR Manager</p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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data-bs-target="#myCarousel" data-bs-slide="prev">
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data-bs-target="#myCarousel" data-bs-slide="next">
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</section>
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</div>
</div>
</section>
<section class="light ">
<div class="container py-4">
<h1 class="h1 text-center" id="pageHeaderTitle">Tour of Chapters</h1>
<article class="postcard dark blue">
<a class="postcard__img_link" href="#">
<img class="postcard__img" src="images/cards/chapter2.jpeg" alt="Image Title" />
</a>
<div class="postcard__text">
<h1 class="postcard__title blue chapter1btn"><a href="#about">Chapter 1</a></h1>
<div class="postcard__subtitle small">
<time datetime="2020-05-25 12:00:00">
Global Intellectual Property News and Emerging Trends in Smart Contracts
</time>
</div>
<div class="postcard__bar"></div>
<div class="postcard__preview-txt">Innovation and technology continue to be major driving
forces in today's global economy. As such, patent filings and intellectual property
protection are crucial for companies looking to stay ahead of the competition. This
chapter highlights the latest patent and technology news from the European Union (EU),
Asia Pacific (APAC), and the United States (USA). We'll explore the smart contract
landscape, filing trends, and the key players in each region. From advancements in AI
and blockchain to new regulations affecting intellectual property rights, this chapter
provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the world of patents and
technology. </div>
<ul class="postcard__tagbox">
<li class="tag__item">Patent Highlights</li>
<li class="tag__item">Smart Contracts</li>
<!-- <li class="tag__item"><i class="fas fa-clock mr-2"></i>55 mins.</li> -->
<li class="tag__item play blue">
<div class="chapter1btn"> <a href="#about"><i class="fas fa-play mr-2"></i> Go to
Chapter-1</a> </div>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</article>
<article class="postcard dark red">
<a class="postcard__img_link" href="#">
<img class="postcard__img" src="images/cards/chapter1.png" alt="Image Title" />
</a>
<div class="postcard__text">
<h1 class="postcard__title red chapter2btn"><a href="#about2" class="chapter2btn">Chapter
2</a></h1>
<div class="postcard__subtitle small">
<time datetime="2020-05-25 12:00:00">
Notable Patents and Expiring Biotech Patents
</time>
</div>
<div class="postcard__bar"></div>
<div class="postcard__preview-txt">This chapter explores the fascinating world of patents,
covering two important topics: global patents and expiring biotech patents. The first
section provides an overview of the global patent landscape and highlights some of the
most impactful patents from around the world. The second section focuses on biotech
patents that are set to expire soon, creating opportunities for competitors to enter the
market. Through these examples, the chapter underscores the importance of patent
protection for promoting innovation and creativity in various fields.
</div>
<ul class="postcard__tagbox">
<li class="tag__item">Expiring Patents</li>
<li class="tag__item">Biotech</li>
<!-- <li class="tag__item"><i class="fas fa-clock mr-2"></i>55 mins.</li> -->
<li class="tag__item play red">
<a href="#about2" class="chapter2btn"><i class="fas fa-play mr-2"></i> Go to
Chapter-2</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</article>
<article class="postcard dark green">
<a class="postcard__img_link" href="#">
<img class="postcard__img" src="images/adobe/interestingpatents.png" alt="Image Title" />
</a>
<div class="postcard__text">
<h1 class="postcard__title green"><a href="#about3" class="chapter3btn">Chapter 3</a></h1>
<div class="postcard__subtitle small">
<time datetime="2020-05-25 12:00:00">
Technology Trends and Insights Across Top Five Origins, and the Role of Researchwire
</time>
</div>
<div class="postcard__bar"></div>
<div class="postcard__preview-txt">This chapter provides an overview of the top three
technology fields for each of the top five origins, as published by WIPO. Key statistics
include the growth of AI and machine learning patents in China and the increasing focus
on renewable energy in Germany. The chapter also highlights the key differentiators of
Researchwire, their comprehensive services and global reach. Additionally, the chapter
cites some interesting news about Researchwire, such as their recent developments and
services across industries. With its insightful analysis of technology trends and
Researchwire's services, this chapter is a valuable resource for anyone seeking to stay
ahead in the intellectual property and technology landscape.</div>
<ul class="postcard__tagbox">
<li class="tag__item">Global Trends</li>
<li class="tag__item">WIPO</li>
<!-- <li class="tag__item"><i class="fas fa-clock mr-2"></i>55 mins.</li> -->
<li class="tag__item play green">
<a href="#about3" class="chapter3btn"><i class="fas fa-play mr-2"></i> Go to Chapter
3</a>
</li>
</ul>
</div>
</article>
<article class="postcard dark yellow">
<a class="postcard__img_link" href="#">
<img class="postcard__img" src="images/adobe/handshake.png" alt="Image Title" />
</a>
<div class="postcard__text">
<h1 class="postcard__title yellow chapter4btn"><a href="#">Chapter 4</a></h1>
<div class="postcard__subtitle small">
<time datetime="2020-05-25 12:00:00">
Collections
</time>
</div>
<div class="postcard__bar"></div>
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Global Intellectual Property News and Emerging Trends in Smart Contracts
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<p class="me-4" data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="300">Innovation and technology continue
to be major driving forces in today's global economy. As such, patent filings and
intellectual property protection are crucial for companies looking to stay ahead of the
competition. This chapter highlights the latest patent and technology news from the
European Union (EU), Asia Pacific (APAC), </p>
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<p data-aos="fade-up" data-aos-delay="500">and the United States (USA). We'll explore the
smart contract landscape, filing trends, and the key players in each region. From
advancements in AI and blockchain to new regulations affecting intellectual property
rights, this chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the latest developments in the
world of patents and technology.</p>
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1. Are You Ready for the Unitary Patent and UPC?
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<div class="accordion-body">There is only one place to start a review of the year in Europe,
and that is with the preparations for the launch of the Unitary Patent and Unified
Patent Court (UPC).
The new system is due to come into force on June 1, 2023, and will be the biggest change
to patent protection in Europe since the European Patent Convention was agreed 50 years
ago. It will create a new option to obtain a unitary right covering at least 17 (and up
to 24) EU Member States and to get a court ruling on patent validity and/or infringement
covering all of those states.
As reported on IPWatchdog (Green Light for Unitary Patent and UPC), the year started
with Austria depositing its instrument of accession to the Protocol on Provisional
Application of the UPC Agreement. That kick-started the provisional application period
and the final preparations for setting up the Court. These preparations have included
the appointment of 85 legal and technical judges, confirmation that the Court will start
with 13 local divisions and one regional division, and the signing of an agreement on
exchanging data between the UPC and European Patent Office.
However, it’s not all been smooth progress. The start date was recently put back by two
months from April 1, 2023, to June 1, 2023, to allow more time for users to set up the
strong authentication required for accessing the Case Management System. That means the
transitional period will start on March 1, 2023, rather than January 1, 2023.
During the transitional period, holders of European patents can opt them out of the
jurisdiction of the UPC by making an online application.
The period in which patent applicants can submit early requests for unitary effect as
well as requests for delay in issuing the decision to grant a patent at the EPO will
start as planned on January 1.
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2. The Joy of SEPs
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<div class="accordion-body">This year has seen more decisions in the UK courts in the
dispute between Optis and Apple over standard-essential patents (SEPs). The most recent
of these, from the Court of Appeal, concerned the availability of injunctions in cases
regarding fair, reasonable and non-discriminatory (FRAND) licensing.
When it’s finally resolved, the litigation should decide issues including the
determination of global FRAND licenses, what constitutes hold out/hold up, and
potentially Apple’s future in the UK market.
The dispute began back in 2019, when Optis alleged that Apple’s iPhone and iPad devices
infringed eight telecoms patents, all of which had been declared essential to 3G and 4G
standards by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI).
This led to four trials (known as trials A to D) to determine validity, essentiality,
and infringement of the patents, as well as a fifth trial (trial E) to determine FRAND,
competition law issues and the availability of injunctive relief. The sixth trial (trial
F) concerned other issues including Optis’s claim for an unqualified injunction.
At the time of writing, first instance judgments in trials A-D have been handed down, as
well as appeal judgments in trials A and B. Appeals in trials C and D are pending. Trial
E was held in summer 2022 and the judgment has not yet been published.
In trial F, the Court of Appeal recently upheld an order that Apple must undertake to
enter into a license in the form that is determined to be FRAND at trial E or, to the
extent that there are appeals in trial E, a license that is finally determined to be
FRAND on appeal. As Lord Justice Arnold wrote in the judgment, this order provides for a
FRAND injunction “with the modification that the injunction bites unless the implementer
undertakes to take a license on terms to be determined to be FRAND rather than unless
the implementer takes a license on terms which have already been determined to be
FRAND.” (Optis Cellular Technology LLC & Ors v Apple Retail UK Ltd & Ors [2022] EWCA Civ
1411, emphasis added.)
In his judgment, Lord Justice Arnold also said that the appeals in this case “illustrate
yet again the dysfunctional nature of the current system for determining SEP/FRAND
disputes” and called on organizations such as ETSI to make legally enforceable
arbitration of FRAND disputes part of their IPR policies.
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3. To SPC Or Not to SPC
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<div class="accordion-body">The European Commission is gradually moving forward with plans
for a unified supplementary protection certificate (SPC) right. In the EU, SPCs provide
up to five years of patent extension for regulated pharmaceutical and plant protection
products (and an additional six months for pediatric medicines). However, they are
granted and administered nationally.
The Commission argues that this situation leads to fragmentation, extra costs and red
tape for SPC applicants and owners. It has also contributed to legal
uncertainty—demonstrated by the large number of referrals to the CJEU regarding the SPC
Regulation. The introduction of the Unitary Patent and UPC (see above) provides an
opportunity to consider a unified system, but progress has been slow.
In August this year, the Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition (the go-to
authority for IP research in Europe) finally published its Study on the options for a
unified SPC system in Europe (download here).
The study considered two options: (1) a PCT model, with a single authority examining a
regional application for an SPC by drafting a single examination report, with national
patent offices using this to make a decision to grant; and (2) an EPC model, where
national offices transfer the decision-making power to a central body, which decides on
grant.
It recommended establishing a procedure to grant a European certificate based on an
examining body comprising a representative from each national agency; a system of
appeals before the EU General Court supplemented by a Board of Appeal within the agency;
an option for central attack; and the option for applicants to choose between a bundle
of national applications and a single regional application.
The report stated: “The unified procedure would lead to granting a European certificate
which in some states has national effect and in other states unitary effect, according
to the law applicable to the designated basic patent. In this way it could also serve as
a platform for granting unitary certificates for the countries in which the designated
basic patent benefits from unitary effect once the unitary patent package becomes
applicable.”
The study noted that this proposal is “ambitious” and it is now down to member states to
review it. If there is no agreement, the study argued that a more modest PCT-type model
would still be an improvement on the status quo.</div>
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4. Three Steps Towards AI Clarity
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<div class="accordion-body">There have been three notable developments this year in the
DABUS cases regarding whether an AI can be the inventor of a patent application.
First, in March, as reported on IPWatchdog (German Decision Could Provide an Answer to
AI Inventorship), the German Federal Patent Court said that a designation stating that
the inventor was Stephen Thaler, who prompted the AI DABUS to create the invention was
allowable, but a designation of DABUS as the inventor was not.
Second, in July, the EPO Legal Board of Appeal published its ruling on Thaler’s appeal
regarding his European application. (J 0008/20 (Designation of inventor/DABUS).) The
Board found that under Article 81 of the EPC, an “inventor” must be a person with legal
capacity. It rejected an auxiliary request in which no inventor was identified but which
specified that a natural person had the right to the grant of a European patent as the
creator and owner of DABUS.
But, consistent with the German court, the Board said it could see no objection to the
user or owner of a device involved in an inventive activity designating themselves as
the inventor and noting the role of the AI in the specification. Thaler had previously
filed a divisional EP application where he was named as the inventor, and DABUS was
designated as having invented the subject matter.
Third, in August 2022 the UK Supreme Court granted Thaler’s application to appeal the
Court of Appeal judgment regarding the UK patent application. (Thaler v
Comptroller-General of Patents, Designs and Trade Marks UKSC 2021/0201.) The appeal will
be heard in 2023, with judgment likely before the end of the year.</div>
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5. Video Killed the EPO Trip
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<div class="accordion-body">On November 22, the EPO announced that videoconference would
become the default format for oral proceedings in opposition; in-person proceedings
would only be conducted under certain circumstances, and when the opposition division
permits it.
The decision followed an extended period during which oral proceedings before the EPO in
examination, opposition and appeal have been held by Zoom due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The EPO also published a survey, in which 77% of respondents found oral proceedings by
videoconference to be good or very good.
The use of oral proceedings has divided opinion among patent practitioners in Europe.
Some argue that it cuts down on travel time and expense, enables more people to
participate in proceedings, and levels the playing field for parties and representatives
wherever they are located. (The European Patent Organization now comprises 39
contracting states, following the accession of Montenegro in October 2022.)
However, others believe that video hearings are a poor substitute for in-person
proceedings, they make it harder for parties to present arguments and for examiners to
deliver fair and well-reasoned decisions and are not permitted by the EPC.
The Boards of Appeal, which operate independently of the EPO President, are also holding
proceedings by videoconference, but have not said whether they will become permanent. As
IPWatchdog reported last year, the Enlarged Board of Appeal ruled that parties can be
required to take part in appeal proceedings by videoconference during a “general
emergency”.</div>
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Patent Filings Hit Record High
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According to the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), patent
filings hit a record high in 2021. Over 764,000 patents were filed, which
represents a 4% increase from the previous year. This suggests that despite the
challenges of the pandemic, innovation and new ideas continue to flourish.
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Supreme Court to Hear Case on Computer Software
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The U.S. Supreme Court will be hearing a case on the patentability of
computer software. The case involves a dispute between two companies over
a patent for integrating multiple sources of data into a single file. The question
before the court is whether the software is too abstract to be patentable, or whether
it meets the standard for patentability under U.S. law.
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Intellectual Property Protections for COVID-19 Vaccines
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There has been ongoing debate about whether patents and other IP protections should be
waived for COVID-19 vaccines. The Biden administration has come out in support of
waiving these protections, while some pharmaceutical companies have argued that such a
move would disincentivize innovation and make it more difficult to respond to future
pandemics.
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Patent Trolls
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There has been increased scrutiny on so-called "patent trolls," which are companies that
acquire patents not to use them, but to sue other companies for infringement. Critics
argue that patent trolls stifle innovation and waste resources on frivolous lawsuits.
Several states have passed laws aimed at curbing patent troll activity.
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Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT) Expansion
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The U.S. recently joined the PCT, which is an international treaty that allows inventors
to seek patent protection in multiple countries with a single application. The move is
expected to make it easier and more cost-effective for U.S. companies to protect their
inventions globally.
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Japan Launches AI Patent Examination System
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The Japan Patent Office has launched an AI-based patent examination system that uses
natural language processing and machine learning to help examiners process patent
applications more efficiently. The system is expected to reduce the workload of patent
examiners and improve the quality and consistency of patent examinations.
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China Implements New Patent Law Amendments
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China has implemented a series of amendments to its Patent Law, which came into effect
on June 1, 2021. The amendments include measures to strengthen patent protection,
improve the patent examination process, and increase the damages awarded for patent
infringement.
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India Sets up National IP Rights Policy
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India's Ministry of Commerce and Industry has set up a National Intellectual Property
Rights (IPR) Policy to create a comprehensive framework for IPR protection in the
country. The policy aims to promote innovation and creativity, enhance access to IPR
information, and strengthen enforcement measures to prevent IP rights violations.
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Singapore Joins Global Patent Prosecution Highway
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<div class="accordion-body">The Intellectual Property Office of Singapore (IPOS) has joined
the Global Patent Prosecution Highway (GPPH), which is a network of patent offices that
allows patent applicants to request accelerated examination of their patent applications
in multiple countries. This move is expected to speed up the patent application process
for Singaporean companies seeking to protect their inventions overseas.
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Australia Plans to Introduce IP Waiver for COVID-19 Vaccines
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<div class="accordion-body"> The Australian government has announced plans to introduce an
IP waiver for COVID-19 vaccines, which would allow developing countries to manufacture
and distribute vaccines without fear of infringing on patent rights. The proposal is in
line with a similar proposal put forward by India and South Africa at the World Trade
Organization.
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<h1>Smart Contract & Filing Trends</h1>
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