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<a href="/2022/12/05/javascript-note/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">JavaScript Note</a>
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<h2 id="match-a-phone-number-with-regex-and-javascript">Match a phone number with Regex and JavaScript</h2>
<figure class="highlight javascript"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> regex = <span class="regexp">/^(1[ -]?)?\d{3}[ -]?\d{3}[ -]?\d{4}$/</span>;</span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> phoneNumber = <span class="string">'1202-515-5555'</span>;</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"><span class="comment">// test returns 'true' if there's a match and 'false' if there is not</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="keyword">const</span> match = regex.<span class="title function_">test</span>(phoneNumber);</span><br><span class="line"></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<a href="/2022/11/03/dns-note/" class="post-title-link" itemprop="url">DNS note</a>
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<time title="Created: 2022-11-03 14:29:47" itemprop="dateCreated datePublished" datetime="2022-11-03T14:29:47+01:00">2022-11-03</time>
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<p>DNS解析不涉及端口.</p>
<p>DNS服务器有不同的类型: 递归解析器, 根域名服务器, TLD域名服务器 (Top Level Domain), 权威域名服务器.</p>
<p>根域名服务器一共有13台 (都是服务器集群, 通过Anycast路由来提供快速响应), 他们的IP地址是不变的, 集成在操作系统里.</p>
<p>直接输入dig命令, 就会得到根服务器的信息</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="text-align: center;">Root Server</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">IPv4</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">IPv6</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">a.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">198.41.0.4</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:503:ba3e::2:30</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">b.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">199.9.14.201</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:200::b</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">c.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.33.4.12</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:2::c</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">d.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">199.7.91.13</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:2d::d</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">e.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.203.230.10</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:a8::e</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">f.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.5.5.241</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:2f::f</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">g.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.112.36.4</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:12::d0d</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">h.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">198.97.190.53</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:1::53</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">i.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.36.148.17</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:7fe::53</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">j.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">192.58.128.30</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:503:c27::2:30</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">k.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">193.0.14.129</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:7fd::1</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">l.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">199.7.83.42</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:500:9f::42</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">m.root-servers.net</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">202.12.27.33</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">2001:dc3::35</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2 id="dns递归解析器">DNS递归解析器</h2>
<p>递归解析器作为客户端与DNS域名服务器的中间人, DNS的分级解析下行过程 (从根服务器到顶级服务器到权威服务器)是由递归解析器完成的, 不是由DNS服务器完成的. 大多数Internet用户使用他们ISP提供的递归解析器，但还有其他可用选择, 例如Cloudflare的1.1.1.1.</p>
<h2 id="manually-add-host-手动添加dns记录">Manually add host 手动添加DNS记录</h2>
<p>如果域名在本地文件中, 访问该域名时就不会询问域名服务器.</p>
<p>Edit first <strong>/etc/hosts</strong>, then flush local DNS cache:</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dscacheutil -flushcache</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="dig命令">Dig命令</h2>
<p>可以指定域名服务器</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig @<DNS server IP/DNS server URL> <domaine name></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>可以查询所有的信息</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig +nocmd google.com any +noall +answer</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="dns查询流程">DNS查询流程</h2>
<p>为了更好的的理解DNS的查询步骤, 我们可以用dig命令来做一个释例.</p>
<p>递归解析器帮助完成逐级查询的全部任务, 所以通过递归解析器查询, 可以直接得到IP</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig @1.1.1.1 google.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>因为递归解析器干了所有的活, 所以在<strong>ANSWER SECTION</strong>里, 我们直接得到了IP地址</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> @1.1.1.1 google.com</span><br><span class="line">; (1 server found)</span><br><span class="line">;; global options: +cmd</span><br><span class="line">;; Got answer:</span><br><span class="line">;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 36771</span><br><span class="line">;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:</span><br><span class="line">; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 1232</span><br><span class="line">;; QUESTION SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">;google.com. IN A</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ANSWER SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 18 IN A 142.250.201.174</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; Query time: 43 msec</span><br><span class="line">;; SERVER: 1.1.1.1#53(1.1.1.1)</span><br><span class="line">;; WHEN: Thu Nov 03 18:04:36 CET 2022</span><br><span class="line">;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 55</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>如果我们尝试去询问根服务器,</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig @198.41.0.4 google.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根服务器并没有域名的具体IP, 相应的, 根服务器会发送给我们顶级服务器的地址在<strong>AUTHORITY SECTION</strong>里, 以便于逐级查询. 换句话说, 根服务器只提供顶级服务器的信息.</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br><span class="line">34</span><br><span class="line">35</span><br><span class="line">36</span><br><span class="line">37</span><br><span class="line">38</span><br><span class="line">39</span><br><span class="line">40</span><br><span class="line">41</span><br><span class="line">42</span><br><span class="line">43</span><br><span class="line">44</span><br><span class="line">45</span><br><span class="line">46</span><br><span class="line">47</span><br><span class="line">48</span><br><span class="line">49</span><br><span class="line">50</span><br><span class="line">51</span><br><span class="line">52</span><br><span class="line">53</span><br><span class="line">54</span><br><span class="line">55</span><br><span class="line">56</span><br><span class="line">57</span><br><span class="line">58</span><br><span class="line">59</span><br><span class="line">60</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> @198.41.0.4 google.com</span><br><span class="line">; (1 server found)</span><br><span class="line">;; global options: +cmd</span><br><span class="line">;; Got answer:</span><br><span class="line">;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 2331</span><br><span class="line">;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 13, ADDITIONAL: 27</span><br><span class="line">;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:</span><br><span class="line">; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096</span><br><span class="line">;; QUESTION SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">;google.com. IN A</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; AUTHORITY SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS e.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS b.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS j.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS m.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS i.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS f.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS a.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS g.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS h.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS l.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS k.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS c.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line">com. 172800 IN NS d.gtld-servers.net.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.12.94.30</span><br><span class="line">e.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:1ca1::30</span><br><span class="line">b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.33.14.30</span><br><span class="line">b.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:231d::2:30</span><br><span class="line">j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.48.79.30</span><br><span class="line">j.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:7094::30</span><br><span class="line">m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.55.83.30</span><br><span class="line">m.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:501:b1f9::30</span><br><span class="line">i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.43.172.30</span><br><span class="line">i.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:39c1::30</span><br><span class="line">f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.35.51.30</span><br><span class="line">f.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d414::30</span><br><span class="line">a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.5.6.30</span><br><span class="line">a.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:a83e::2:30</span><br><span class="line">g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.42.93.30</span><br><span class="line">g.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:eea3::30</span><br><span class="line">h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.54.112.30</span><br><span class="line">h.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:502:8cc::30</span><br><span class="line">l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.41.162.30</span><br><span class="line">l.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:d937::30</span><br><span class="line">k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.52.178.30</span><br><span class="line">k.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:d2d::30</span><br><span class="line">c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.26.92.30</span><br><span class="line">c.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:503:83eb::30</span><br><span class="line">d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN A 192.31.80.30</span><br><span class="line">d.gtld-servers.net. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:500:856e::30</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; Query time: 81 msec</span><br><span class="line">;; SERVER: 198.41.0.4#53(198.41.0.4)</span><br><span class="line">;; WHEN: Fri Nov 04 10:39:58 CET 2022</span><br><span class="line">;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 835</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>根据根服务器提供的顶级服务器的信息, 我们继续询问顶级服务器</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig @192.12.94.30 google.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>顶级域名服务器会发给我们权威域名服务器的信息, 在<strong>AUTHORITY SECTION</strong>里面, 换句话说, 顶级域名服务器,只记录了权威服务器的信息</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br><span class="line">24</span><br><span class="line">25</span><br><span class="line">26</span><br><span class="line">27</span><br><span class="line">28</span><br><span class="line">29</span><br><span class="line">30</span><br><span class="line">31</span><br><span class="line">32</span><br><span class="line">33</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> @192.12.94.30 google.com</span><br><span class="line">; (1 server found)</span><br><span class="line">;; global options: +cmd</span><br><span class="line">;; Got answer:</span><br><span class="line">;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 35625</span><br><span class="line">;; flags: qr rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 0, AUTHORITY: 4, ADDITIONAL: 9</span><br><span class="line">;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:</span><br><span class="line">; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096</span><br><span class="line">;; QUESTION SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">;google.com. IN A</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; AUTHORITY SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 172800 IN NS ns2.google.com.</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 172800 IN NS ns1.google.com.</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 172800 IN NS ns3.google.com.</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 172800 IN NS ns4.google.com.</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">ns2.google.com. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:4860:4802:34::a</span><br><span class="line">ns2.google.com. 172800 IN A 216.239.34.10</span><br><span class="line">ns1.google.com. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:4860:4802:32::a</span><br><span class="line">ns1.google.com. 172800 IN A 216.239.32.10</span><br><span class="line">ns3.google.com. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:4860:4802:36::a</span><br><span class="line">ns3.google.com. 172800 IN A 216.239.36.10</span><br><span class="line">ns4.google.com. 172800 IN AAAA 2001:4860:4802:38::a</span><br><span class="line">ns4.google.com. 172800 IN A 216.239.38.10</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; Query time: 51 msec</span><br><span class="line">;; SERVER: 192.12.94.30#53(192.12.94.30)</span><br><span class="line">;; WHEN: Fri Nov 04 11:06:09 CET 2022</span><br><span class="line">;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 287</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们继续询问权威服务器</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">dig @216.239.34.10 google.com</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>权威服务器终于发给我们想要的IP地址了, 在<strong>ANSWER SECTION</strong>字段里</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">; <<>> DiG 9.10.6 <<>> @216.239.34.10 google.com</span><br><span class="line">; (1 server found)</span><br><span class="line">;; global options: +cmd</span><br><span class="line">;; Got answer:</span><br><span class="line">;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 40547</span><br><span class="line">;; flags: qr aa rd; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1</span><br><span class="line">;; WARNING: recursion requested but not available</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:</span><br><span class="line">; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 512</span><br><span class="line">;; QUESTION SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">;google.com. IN A</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ANSWER SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">google.com. 300 IN A 142.250.178.142</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; Query time: 50 msec</span><br><span class="line">;; SERVER: 216.239.34.10#53(216.239.34.10)</span><br><span class="line">;; WHEN: Fri Nov 04 11:09:45 CET 2022</span><br><span class="line">;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 55</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>我们总结一下, 域名解析系统就是一个分级系统, 逐级向下, 根服务器, 顶级服务器, 权威服务器分别负责记录他们那一级别的信息, 查询是逐级向下的, 而递归解析服务器的角色比较特殊, 他就像一个管家, 把逐级查询的任务都包了, 直接发给我们想要的结果.</p>
<h2 id="host命令">host命令</h2>
<p>host命令可以得到比较综合的信息.</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">host -a <domaine name> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br><span class="line">22</span><br><span class="line">23</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">Trying "visiocheck.fr"</span><br><span class="line">;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 6105</span><br><span class="line">;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 9, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 2</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; QUESTION SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">;visiocheck.fr. IN ANY</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ANSWER SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3189 IN A 80.12.14.37</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN NS ns1.pcreseaux.com.</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN NS ns2.lhebergeur.org.</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN SOA ns1.pcreseaux.com. postmaster.visiocheck.fr. 2021012107 3600 900 1209600 3600</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN MX 1 mx1.mail.ovh.net.</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN MX 100 mx3.mail.ovh.net.</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN MX 5 mx2.mail.ovh.net.</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN TXT "v=spf1 include:mx.ovh.com include:spf.protection.outlook.com ip4:34.231.41.20 ~all"</span><br><span class="line">visiocheck.fr. 3201 IN TXT "1|www.visiocheck.fr"</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:</span><br><span class="line">ns1.pcreseaux.com. 81242 IN A 185.103.140.84</span><br><span class="line">ns2.lhebergeur.org. 1497 IN A 185.103.140.85</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">Received 388 bytes from 192.168.1.4#53 in 52 ms</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<table>
<thead>
<tr class="header">
<th style="text-align: center;">Key</th>
<th style="text-align: center;">Content</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">A</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">IPv4地址</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">AAAA</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">IPv6地址</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">NS</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Name Server 域名服务器</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">SOA</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Start of Authority 起始授权机构</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">MX</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Mail Exchange 邮件交换</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">CNAME</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Canonical Name 规范名</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">PTR</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Pointer 指针</td>
</tr>
<tr class="even">
<td style="text-align: center;">TXT</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Text</td>
</tr>
<tr class="odd">
<td style="text-align: center;">SRV</td>
<td style="text-align: center;">Service</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
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<p>X.509 基本算是公钥证书的标准格式, 看一下IETF文档的更新历史就可见一斑</p>
<ul>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc2459">RFC2459</a> (被3280替代, 已过期)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3280">RFC3280</a> (被5280替代, 已过期)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4325">RFC4325</a> (补充3280, 已过期)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc4630">RFC4630</a> (补充3280, 已过期)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc5280">RFC5280</a></li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6818">RFC6818</a> (补充, 5280)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8398">RFC8398</a> (补充, 5280)</li>
<li><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc8399">RFC8399</a> (补充, 5280)</li>
</ul>
<p>不同的证书编码格式</p>
<p>PEM Privacy Enhanced Mail 内容一般是BASE64的, 查看证书信息</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl x509 -in <.pem> -text -noout</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>DER Distinguished Encoding Rules 二进制格式, 查看证书信息</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl x509 -in <.der> -inform der -text -noout</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>相关的文件扩展名</p>
<p>CRT, CER</p>
<p>KEY 存放公钥或者私钥</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl rsa -in mykey.key -text -noout</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>CSR Signing Request</p>
<h3 id="工具">工具</h3>
<ul>
<li>keytool</li>
<li>openssl</li>
</ul>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl rsa -in mykey.key -text -noout </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="openssl">OpenSSL</h2>
<h3 id="password">password</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl rand -base64 6</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line">openssl rand -hex 4</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="generate-rsa-private-key">generate RSA private key</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl genrsa</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>more parameters for generation</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">openssl genrsa -out private_pkcs1.pem 2048</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>2048 is the length of the modulus, -out redirect the key to a file for example.</p>
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<h2 id="查看包的版本">查看包的版本</h2>
<p>所有历史版本</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm view <package name> versions</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>最新版本</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm view <package name> version</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>列出可更新的版本</p>
<p>本地</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm outdated</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>全局</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm outdated -g</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更新包</p>
<p>更新本地指定包</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm update <package name></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更新全局指定包</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm update -g <package name> </span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更新所有本地</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm update</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>更新所有全局</p>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">npm update -g</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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<h2 id="c-sharp">C sharp</h2>
<h3 id="compile-the-proto-file">Compile the proto file</h3>
<figure class="highlight shell"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">protoc -I=$SRC_DIR --csharp_out=$DST_DIR $SRC_DIR/your.proto</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="dependencies">Dependencies</h3>
<p>NuGet Package Manager will manage the dependencies, just install the Google.protobuf package, which is the official one.</p>
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<p><a target="_blank" rel="noopener" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/rfc6455">The WebSocket Protocol</a></p>
<h2 id="opcode">Opcode</h2>
<p>Opcode表明了WebSocket每一帧的类型, 是一个范围从0到15的整数. Opcode位于每一帧第一字节的低四位比特, 参见协议文档6455的5.2段.</p>
<figure class="highlight text"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"> 0 1 2 3</span><br><span class="line"> 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0 1</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+-------------------------------+</span><br><span class="line">|F|R|R|R| opcode|M| Payload len | Extended payload length |</span><br><span class="line">|I|S|S|S| (4) |A| (7) | (16/64) |</span><br><span class="line">|N|V|V|V| |S| | (if payload len==126/127) |</span><br><span class="line">| |1|2|3| |K| | |</span><br><span class="line">+-+-+-+-+-------+-+-------------+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +</span><br><span class="line">| Extended payload length continued, if payload len == 127 |</span><br><span class="line">+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +-------------------------------+</span><br><span class="line">| |Masking-key, if MASK set to 1 |</span><br><span class="line">+-------------------------------+-------------------------------+</span><br><span class="line">| Masking-key (continued) | Payload Data |</span><br><span class="line">+-------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +</span><br><span class="line">: Payload Data continued ... :</span><br><span class="line">+ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - +</span><br><span class="line">| Payload Data continued ... |</span><br><span class="line">+---------------------------------------------------------------+</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
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