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The Bitcoin blockchain is completely public, anyone can hop onto a block explorer and look up any transaction from the last hour or the last 10 years. Depending on the tools available and their level of expertise they could analyse and follow any one of these transactions to build up a picture of an entity's spending habits. Chain surveillance firms do exactly this, and using heuristics (assumptions) they can cluster transactions together to follow a given entity accross the chain. Aside from this being an invasion of your privacy it also poses the risks we covered in sourcing your bitcoin.
Coinjoin is a privacy tool that prevents this and there are different types of implementations, each with their own take on the same basic idea. Two or more users pool their UTXOs together into a collaborative transaction that is formed in a unique way. The way the transaction is constructed makes it very difficult for surveillance firms to know exactly which transaction output belongs to which of the input owners.
This is where the separation part comes in... A proper coinjoin implementation will completely break all deterministic links with the coins 'pre coinjoin' past. At best anyone looking at the transaction can come up with a number of possible scenarios as to who owns which piece of bitcoin but they can never be 100% sure. Now imagine you carry out multiple rounds of coinjoin one after the other, the transaction graph quickly becomes very confusing and impossible to track.
Here is a podcast episode where I talk through the basics of coinjoin.
- There are fees involved with coinjoins, ensure you understand them fully before starting out
- Your spending habits after you coinjoin are very important. We will cover those later
- Avoid centralised 'mixers' as they actually take control of your bitcoin for a short period of time
- You should run your own Dojo before using Whirlpool for maximum privacy. All of the node implementations (apart from core) mentioned on the previous page come packaged with Dojo.
Samourai Wallet offers the easiest and most effective coinjoin implementation, Whirlpool. Below is a simple walkthrough but to read a more in-depth look at it's features see here
- Calculate your Whirlpool fees based on your chosen amounts and pool sizes
- Send some bitcoin into your wallet as outlined earlier
- Click the blue + and press Whirlpool
- Once Whirlpool loads, press the icon in the bottom right corner
- Press mix UTXOs
- Select which UTXOs you want to mix
- Pick how quickly you would like the mix to be initiated
- Review the transaction details
- Begin cycle
- Press yes to the box asking if you want to mark your change as 'Do not Spend'
- Your mix is now underway and you will see your mixed sats in the postmix section of your wallet after a short wait
- If you leave your funds in postmix you will be eligible for free and unlimited remixes (chosen at random)
Bonus
- For easier mix management and 24/7 remixing you can pair your Samourai Wallet with Whirlpool GUI (a desktop app) and Whirlpool CLI that come packaged with myNode, Nodl and RoninDojo. The graphic below is an example of how it all fits together.
There is currently no coinjoin option for iOS. Recommended course of action...
- Buy a cheap android phone
- Install Samourai Wallet
- Follow steps above
Joinmarket is by no means a beginner option, something worth exploring as you become more experienced.
Coinjoin is a complex topic to wrap your head around and fraught with pitfalls in which you can leak your privacy. Fortunately, tools like Whirlpool are making things almost foolproof. Coinjoin does not erase the past, it simply affords you forward looking privacy. Remember that you can easily undo much of the privacy gained by practicing poor postmix spending habits e.g. merging multiple UTXOs.
Now you have obtained, secured, segregated, labelled and coinjoined your bitcoin in a wallet backed by your own node let's look at how to safeguard it for any long term savings.